<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0873-6529</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0873-6529</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora Mundos Sociais]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0873-65292023000200041</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7458/spp202310227452</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Tensões e reconfigurações no ensino superior: o modelo neoliberal chileno em debate]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Tensions and reconfigurations in higher education: the neoliberal Chilean experiment]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Tensions et reconfigurations de l&#8217;enseignement supérieur: le modèle néolibéral Chilien en débat]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Tensiones y reconfiguraciones en la educación superior: el experimento neoliberal chileno]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quaresma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Luísa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Chile  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>102</numero>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>57</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0873-65292023000200041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0873-65292023000200041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0873-65292023000200041&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma discussão teórica sobre a reconfiguração da universidade no sentido da massificação e mercadorização, tomando como exemplo o Chile, um dos países do mundo mais permeáveis às lógicas de mercado. Analisam-se os desafios de um processo de massificação ancorado na privatização e na segregação social e os recentes movimentos estudantis chilenos de contestação à mercadorização da educação. Discute-se assim um modelo educativo aplicado pelo neoliberalismo real durante 40 anos, acreditando ser este exemplo um contributo profícuo para o debate nacional em países onde os ventos da ideologia de mercado sopram com mais força.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper aims to present a theoretical discussion about the university reconfiguration, and its massification and marketisation, taking as example Chile, one of the most highly marketized countries in the world. It discusses the challenges of a massification anchored in privatisation and segregation and also the Chilean student movements against the market-oriented educational system. With the discussion about the Chilean educational model implemented by the real neoliberalism over the last 40 years we intend to bring a proficuous contribution to the national debate in countries where the market ideology winds are blowing more strongly.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé Cet article présente une discussion théorique sur la reconfiguration de l&#8217;université, sa massification et sa marchandisation, en prenant comme exemple le Chili, un des pays du monde le plus perméable aux logiques du marché. On analyse les défis d&#8217;une massification appuyée sur la privatisation et la ségrégation et on problématise les mouvements d&#8217;étudiants chiliens qui contestent la marchandisation de l&#8217;éducation. On discute ainsi un modèle éducatif mis en &#339;uvre par le néolibéralisme réel pendant 40 ans, en croyant que cet exemple apportera une contribution pour le débat dans des pays ou les vents de l&#8217;idéologie de marché soufflent fort.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo presenta una discusión teórica sobre la reconfiguración de la universidad, su mercantilización y masificación, tomando como ejemplo Chile, uno de los países del mundo más permeables a las lógicas de mercado. Se analizan los desafíos de una masificación basada en la privatización y segregación y los movimientos estudiantiles chilenos de contestación a la mercantilización de la universidad. Así, se discute un modelo educativo aplicado por el neoliberalismo real durante 40 años, pensando traer con este ejemplo una contribución para el debate nacional en países donde los vientos de la ideología de mercado soplan con más fuerza.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ensino superior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[mercadorização]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[massificação universitária]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Chile.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Higher Education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[marketisation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[massification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chili.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[enseignement supérieur]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[marchandisation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[massification universitaire]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Chili.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación superior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mercantilización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[masificación universitaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Chile.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una revolución neoliberal: la política educacional en Chile desde la dictadura militar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educação e Pesquisa]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>1473-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philip]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The necessity and reality of differentiated postsecondary systems]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philip]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reisberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liz]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hans de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Responding to Massification. Differentiation in Postsecondary Education Worldwide,]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>1-12</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Roterdão ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SensePublishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philip]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reisberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liz]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hans]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Executive summary]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philip]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reisberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liz]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hans de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Responding to Massification. Differentiation in Postsecondary Education Worldwide,]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>xi-xvi</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Roterdão ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SensePublishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araujo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kathya]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martuccelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Danilo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La escuela y la cuestión del mérito: reflexiones desde la experiencia chilena]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educação e Pesquisa]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>1503-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araya-Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedreros-Gajardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Grupos estratégicos en sectores de educación superior]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Venezolana de Gerencia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>65</numero>
<issue>65</issue>
<page-range>92-115</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ball]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neoliberal education? Confronting the slouching beast]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Policy Futures in Education]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1046-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bathmaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ann-Marie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Higher Education, Social Class and Social Mobility. The Degree Generation]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave-MacMillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristián]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabalin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristian]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chilean student movements: sustained struggle to transform a market-oriented educational system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Issues in Comparative Education]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>108-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernasconi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sevilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Against all odds: how Chile developed a successfull technical and vocational sector in postsecondary education]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philip]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reisberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liz]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hans de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Responding to Massification. Differentiation in Postsecondary Education Worldwide,]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>167-78</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Roterdão ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SensePublishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernasconi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Follegati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luna]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Erario público e iniciativa privada: el origen del financiamiento estatal a las universidades particulares en Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universum]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>15-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mercados Universitarios. El Nuevo Escenario de la Educación Superior.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Universidad Diego Portales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dinámicas de transformación en la educación superior latinoamericana: desafíos para la gobernanza]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Opción]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>80</numero>
<issue>80</issue>
<page-range>12-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Consuelo Del]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gobernanza y control de calidad en una variedad de capitalismo académico de alto privatismo: el caso de Chile]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monarca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miriam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Calidad de la Educación Superior in Iberoamérica]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>9-41</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dykinson,]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Budd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Eliciting the institutional myth: exploring the ethos of &#8216;The University&#8217; in Germany and England]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Higher Education,]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>135-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Massification of Higher Education Revisited]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Melbourne ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[RMIT University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Danae De Los]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Retención de estudiantes vulnerables en la educación universitaria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Calidad en la Educación]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>50-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carnevale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tanya]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gulish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Artem]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Career Pathways. Five Ways to Connect College and Careers]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Georgetown ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carpentier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vincent]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expansion and differentiation in higher education: the historical trajectories of the UK, the USA and France]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Working paper]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Centre for Global Higher Education ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UCL Institute of Education]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerdeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luísa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mucharreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Belmiro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Nova Governação Pública e a Educação Superior em Portugal: alguns efeitos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Panorâmica]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>197-213</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosário]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The place of humanities in today&#8217;s knowledge society]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Palgrave Communications]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>5-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Financiar o Ensino Superior público com base nos resultados: algumas lições para Portugal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Lusófona de Educação]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>29-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cummings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Democracy and student discontent: Chilean student protest in the post-Pinochet era]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Politics in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>49-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Guio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susanna]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peregalli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alessandro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chile despertó: historia y perspectivas de una insurrección popular]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cadernos de CEAS: Revista Crítica de Humanidades]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>250</numero>
<issue>250</issue>
<page-range>339-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Della Porta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Donatella]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lorenzo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán-Concha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Contesting Higher Education Student Movements against Neoliberal Universities]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Polity Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sofia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Von Bülow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marisa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social Movements in Chile]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sofia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Somma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicolás]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8216;You taught us to give an opinion, now learn how to listen&#8217;: the manifold political consequences of Chile&#8217;s student movement]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Moisés]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rice]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberta]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Protest and Democracy]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>145-72</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Calgary ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Calgary Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dougherty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kevin]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Natow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rebecca]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance-based funding for higher education: how well does neoliberal theory capture neoliberal practice?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Higher Education]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<page-range>457-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duru-Bellat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[L&#8217;inflation scolaire: les désillusions de la méritocratie]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[L&#8217;Orientation Scolaire et Professionnelle]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>569-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neoliberalismo y educación superior en Chile: una mirada crítica al rol desempeñado por el Banco Mundial y los &#8216;Chicago Boys&#8217;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Laplage em Revista]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>93-114</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGinn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Noel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The student movement in Chile and the neo-liberal agenda in crisis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fadaee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Understanding Southern Social Movements]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>168-85</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gálvez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gonzalo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El retorno de la Educación Superior en Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Interciencia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>436-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giroux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disposable futures: neoliberalism&#8217;s assault on higher education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Límite]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>35</numero>
<issue>35</issue>
<page-range>7-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán-Concha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cesar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Undoing the teoliberal Higher Education System? Student protests and the bachelet reforms in Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>32-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>HESA - Higher Education Statistics Agency</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education - Longitudinal Survey 2010-2011]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inzunza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Public education and student movements: the Chilean rebellion under a neoliberal experiment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Journal of Sociology of Education,]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>490-506</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joignant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tecnócratas, technopols y dirigentes de partido: tipos de agentes y espécies de capital em las elites gubernamentales de la Concertación (1990-2010)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joignant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Güell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Notables, Tecnócratas y Mandarines. Elementos de Sociología de las Elites en Chile (1990-2010)]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>49-76</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago do Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Diego Portales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kavka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Josef]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variegated neoliberalization in Higher Education : ambivalent responses to competitive funding in the Czech Republic]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ergül]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hakan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cosar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simten]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Universities in the Neoliberal Era]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>95-117</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klapp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Candia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estimación del Premio o Retorno a la Educación en Chile]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago do Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Libertad y Desarrollo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lauder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugh]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayhew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ken]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Higher education and the labour market: an introduction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oxford Review of Education]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wolfgang]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8216;They really drill it into you to go to University&#8217;: influences on working-class students&#8217; decision to go to University]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carrie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Working Classes and Higher Education . Inequality of Access, Opportunity and Outcome]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>13-29</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leihy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pete]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What&#8217;s Spanish for development? Chilean higher education at an impasse]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[working paper]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Centre for Global Higher Education]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Major]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lee]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social Mobility: And Its Enemies]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pelican Book]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marginson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simon]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The worldwide trend to high participation higher education: dynamics of social stratification in inclusive systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Higher Education]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<page-range>413-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xavier]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Accountability Policies in Education. A Comparative and Multilevel Analysis in France and Quebec]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nova Iorque ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introdução: o que nos une, o que nos distingue&#8230;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Educação Superior e os Desafios do Novo Século]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>7-21</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brasília ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UnB]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martuccelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Danilo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Estallido Social en Clave Latinoamericana. La Formación de las Clases Populares-Intermediarias]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago do Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[LOM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rol de la universidad en la determinación del ingreso de los profesionales]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Carreras Universitarias. Rentabilidad, Selectividad y Discriminación]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>103-26</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago do Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Uqbar Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pilar]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lisa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The neoliberal discourse in Latin American higher education: a call for national development and tighter government control]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Education Policy Analysis Archives]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>176</numero>
<issue>176</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pierre]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Democratization or increase in educational inequality? Changes in the length of studies in France, 1988-1998]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Population]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>4-5</numero>
<issue>4-5</issue>
<page-range>631-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mintz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beth]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neoliberalism and the crisis in Higher Education : the cost of ideology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Economics and Sociology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>79-112</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mojica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Constitutional plebiscite in Chile: a road to build a more inclusive and prosperous nation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[UNDP in Latin America and the Caribbean]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nissen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayward]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bronwyn]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McManus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ruth]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Student debt and wellbeing: a research agenda]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>245-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nóvoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[António]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;A universidade à procura de si mesma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista FORGES - Fórum da Gestão do Ensino Superior nos Países e Regiões de Língua Portuguesa]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>23-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OCDE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Regards sur l&#8217;Education 2020. Les Indicateurs de l&#8217;OCDE]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OCDE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OPECH</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Lo Esencial y lo Urgente. Pongamos Fin al Experimento Neoliberal en Educación]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago do Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OPECH]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ostling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Humboldt and the Modern German University. An Intellectual History]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lund ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lund University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pavlic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodolfo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sentenced to debt: explaining student mobilization in Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Research Review]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>448-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quaresma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Luísa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristóbal]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elite universities in Chile. Between social mobility and reproduction of inequality]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tuning Journal for Higher Education]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>29-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quaresma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Luísa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristóbal]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisca]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The massification of higher education and the promise of social mobility. Tensions and contradictions in the contemporary Chilean society]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baikady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rajendra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Palgrave Handbook of Global Social Problems]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>1-27</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diane]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Working class educational transitions to university: the limits of success]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Education]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>528-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diane]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crozier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gill]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clayton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8216;Strangers in Paradise&#8217;? Working-class students in elite universities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1103-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rios-Jara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hector]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From revolt to reform: student protests and the Higher Education Agenda in England 2009-2019]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lorenzo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Donatella Della]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán-Concha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Student Movements in Late Neoliberalism. Dynamics of Contention and Their Consequences,]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>213-39</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Qué hay detrás del malestar con la educación?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis del Año]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>33-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leihy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peodair]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El largo viaje: los esquemas de coordinación de la educación superior chilena en perspectiva]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>120-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santelices]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Verónica]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catalán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ximena]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catherine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chile&#8217;s higher education system: structure and policies behind increased enrollment]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santelices]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Verónica]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catherine]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catalán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ximena]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Quest for Equity in Chile&#8217;s Higher Education . Decades of Continued Efforts]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>9-27</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lanham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lexington Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Boaventura de Sousa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;A universidade no século XXI: para uma reforma democrática e emancipatória da universidade]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Boaventura de Sousa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Naomar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Universidade no Século XXI. Para Uma Universidade Nova]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>13-106</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Almedina]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sapelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los retornos a la educación en Chile: estimaciones por corte transversal y por cohortes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Documentos de Trabajo]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>349</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago do Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schiller-Merkens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simone]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Scaling up alternatives to capitalism: a social movement approach to alternative organizing (in) the economy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MPIfG Discussion Paper]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>20/11</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simonsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mala Educación. Historia de la Revolución Escolar]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Dykinson]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valentina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estudiantes de primera generación en Chile: una aproximación cualitativa a la experiencia universitaria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Complutense de Educación]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1157-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carrie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The working classes and higher education: an introduction to a complicated relationship]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carrie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Working Classes and Higher Education . Inequality of Access, Opportunity and Outcome]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>1-12</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teodoro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[António]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A universidade no século XXI: desenhando futuros possíveis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universidades]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>31-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urzúa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sérgio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La rentabilidad de la educación superior en Chile. Revisión de las bases de 30 años de políticas públicas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Públicos,]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>125</volume>
<page-range>1-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los Economistas de Pinochet. La Escuela de Chicago en Chile]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago do Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristóbal]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quaresma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Luísa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franetovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gonzalo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mapeando a la élite en las universidades chilenas: Un análisis cuantitativo-multidimensional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Española De Sociología]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>523-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zimmerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Seth]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Elite colleges and upward mobility to top jobs and top incomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
