<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0873-6529</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0873-6529</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editora Mundos Sociais]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0873-65292024000200029</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7458/spp202410528773</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The populist challenge to the liberal democratic regime in Italy and Brazil: Jair Bolsonaro and Matteo Salvini]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O desafio populista ao regime democrático liberal na Itália e no Brasil: Jair Bolsonaro e Matteo Salvini]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Le défi populiste envers le régime démocratique libéral en Italie et au Brésil: Jair Bolsonaro et Matteo Salvini]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El desafio populista al régimen democrático liberal en Italia y en Brasil: Jair Bolsonaro y Matteo Salvini]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adinolfi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Goffredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mayra Goulart da]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Iscte - University Institute of Lisbon Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology (CIES-Iscte) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisbon ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Federal University of Rio de Janeiro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>105</numero>
<fpage>29</fpage>
<lpage>50</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0873-65292024000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0873-65292024000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0873-65292024000200029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Brazil and Italy, Jair Bolsonaro and Matteo Salvini, two populist leaders who, in Latin America and Europe, and alongside Donald Trump in the US, experienced a strong affirmation in 2018 - Italy and Brazil - and 2016 US, respectively. This paper aims to analyse whether and to what extent Bolsonaro and Salvini have effectively created the People through the equivalential chain. That is, according to Laclau, the specificity of populism lies in the ability of a leader to transform a shapeless social group into a unique People. The leader&#8217;s speech establishes the borders, and it is through identification with the leader&#8217;s speech that the People&#8217;s collective identity is formed. Using three dimensions - the leader, the ideology and the audience - we analyse the similarities and differences between the two experiences. The results show how the populist reason of the Brazilian and Italian leaders was highly functional in creating a broad consensus but also how precarious and fragile this consensus was.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Brasil e Itália, Jair Bolsonaro e Matteo Salvini, dois líderes populistas que, na América Latina e na Europa, e junto com Donald Trump nos EUA, conheceram uma forte afirmação em 2018 e 2016, respetivamente. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar se e em que medida Bolsonaro e Salvini criaram eficazmente através da equivalential chain o Povo. Isto é, de acordo com Laclau, a especificidade do populismo reside na capacidade de um líder transformar um grupo social disforme num Povo único. O discurso do líder estabelece as fronteiras, e é através da identificação com o discurso do líder que se forma a identidade coletiva do Povo. Através três dimensões - o líder, a ideologia e a audience - analisamos as semelhanças e as diferenças entre as duas experiências. Os resultados mostram como a lógica populista dos líderes brasileiro e italiano foi altamente funcional na criação de um consenso alargado, mas também como esse consenso foi precário e frágil.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé Brésil et Italie, Jair Bolsonaro et Matteo Salvini, deux leaders populistes qui, en Amérique latine et en Europe, tout comme Donald Trump aux EUA, se sont fortement affirmés en 2018 et 2016, respectivement. Cet article a pour but d&#8217;analyser si et dans quelle mesure Bolsonaro et Salvini ont efficacement créé le peuple au travers de la chaîne d&#8217;équivalence. Autrement dit, d&#8217;après Laclau, la spécificité du populisme réside dans la capacité d&#8217;un leader à transformer un groupe social difforme en un peuple unique. Le discours du leader pose les frontières, et c&#8217;est au travers de l&#8217;identification avec le discours du leader que se forme l&#8217;identité collective du peuple. Selon trois dimensions - le leader, l&#8217;idéologie et le public - nous analysons les similitudes et les différences entre les deux expériences. Les résultats montrent comment la logique populiste des leaders brésilien et italien a été hautement fonctionnel, combien comment elle contribué à l&#8217;émergence d&#8217;un large consensus, mais aussi comment ce consensus était précaire et fragile.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Brasil e Italia, Jair Bolsonaro y Matteo Salvini, dos líderes populistas que, en América Latina, en Europa, y junto con Donald Trump en los EUA, conocieron una fuerte afirmación en 2018 y 2016, respectivamente. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar si y en qué medida Bolsonaro y Salvini crearon eficazmente el Pueblo, a través de equivalential chain. Es decir, según Laclau, la especificidad del populismo reside en la capacidad de un líder de transformar a un grupo social deforme en un &#8220;Pueblo&#8221; único. El discurso del líder establece las fronteras, y es a través de la identificación con el discurso del líder que se forma la identidad colectiva del Pueblo. A través de tres dimensiones - el líder, la ideología y la audiencia - analizamos las semejanzas y las diferencias entre las dos experiencias. Los resultados muestran como la lógica populista de los líderes brasileño e italiano fue altamente funcional en la creación de un consenso alargado, pero también como ese consenso fue precario y frágil.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[populism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[liberal democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political representation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Jair Bolsonaro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Matteo Salvini]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[populismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[democracia liberal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[representação política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Jair Bolsonaro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Matteo Salvini]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[populisme]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[démocratie libérale]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[représentation politique]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Jair Bolsonaro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Matteo Salvini]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[populismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia liberal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[representação política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Jair Bolsonaro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Matteo Salvini]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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