0873-6529

0873-6529

S0873-65292025000200102

10.7458/spp202510835980

Indonesia

Indonesia

Pakistan

Indonesia

Indonesia

Indonesia

Indonesia

Malaysia

00 08 2025

00 08 2025

108

2023

2013 1 2 2

97-116

2015 31 4 4

411-22

2012 33 11 11

986-1019

2019 79 2 2

223-44

2019 11 2 2

123-32

2018

2013

2016 72 1 1

26-46

2013 13 2 2

132-49

2015 52 3 3

787-809

2019 41

617-48

2024 28 3 3

306-22

1990

2014 8 9 9

485-94

CNN Indonesia 2024

1987

2018

2013 59 1 1

1-11

Detiksulsel 2024

Detiksumut 2024

2009 24 2 2

173-86

2023 a 38 4 4

707-23

2023 b 50 8 8

1263-79

2018 45 2 2

167-81

2016 25 10 10

3109-23

2023 11

2020 35 1 1

21-32

2020 28 4 4

365-70

2006 41 3 3

431-41

2020 46 11 11

1581-95

1972

2018 33 4 4

632-50

2019 116 2 2

313-30

2013 7 3 3

239-49

2020 23 2 2

232-48

2023 2 3 3

1-13

2023 9 4 4

553-73

2015

2018

1-18

2018 52 5 5

966-82

2022 37 7-8 7-8

1850-67

2015 1 4 4

485-514

2023 58 6 6

574-83

2017 11 2 2

1-21

2022

2023

2024 a

2024 b

Kompas 2024

2017 43 1 1

98-111

2023

239-49

2021 3 3 3

358-67

2011 67 4 4

417-22

2024 46 3-4 3-4

258-70

2018 32 4 4

443-58

2024 58 1 1

175-93

2016 43 1 1

77-103

2022 61 4 4

371-89

2013 31 2 2

162-77

2022

2023 14 1 1

5-27

2022 35 2 2

147-59

2014 55 1 1

122-7

2019 41 3 3

288-311

2014 49

31-55

2003 67 2 2

133-7

2018 24 2 2

243-60

2002 12 3 3

59-75

2003 13 3 3

73-92

2017 38 3 3

567-88

1955

2002 41 2 2

325-40

Pew Research Center 2020

2017 39 2 2

170-85

2016 32 5 5

550-9

2024 16 1 1

41-9

2024 45 12 12

2014

2015 25 3 3

403-14

2014 9 5 5

410-20

2016 11 2 2

343-65

2016 33 8 8

1018-30

2013 9 5 5

82-6

Simfoni-PPA 2021

Simfoni-PPA 2022

Simfoni-PPA 2023

2016

2014 40 3 3

391-419

2012 24 2 2

205-37

2024

2016 95

152-8

2023 45 2 2

471-501

2012 38 2 2

78-89

2020 18 2 2

65-80

2013

2012 35 6 6

1537-46

2024

2022 39 8 8

2507-27

2013 50 5 5

1715-37

2015 26 1 1

328-73