<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0873-7444</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economia Global e Gestão]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Economia Global e Gestão]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0873-7444</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ISCTE-IUL Business School]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0873-74442008000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The two oldest matrixes of world discoveries]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Nascimento ]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution><![CDATA[,  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>9</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0873-74442008000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0873-74442008000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0873-74442008000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p><b>The two oldest matrixes of world discoveries</b> </p>     <p><b>Jorge Nascimento Rodrigues </b><a href="#1">*</a><b><a name="top1"></a></b></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p> <b>ABSTRACT:</b> Portuguese and Chinese Histories have a profound historical    linkage – the globalization path in its birth period. In the 14th and 15th centuries    the Portuguese and Chinese Navigators and Explorers shared a common portfolio    of world vision: strategic intent, out-of-the box thinking, scientific commitment    and power projection. Both revealed strategic intelligence – the most important    ingredient of great power politics. The Chinese stopped the oceanic projection    just at the moment the Portuguese become the new maritime challenger. It was    the opportunity window for the Portuguese – they finished what the Chinese left    unfinished. They fill the vacuum left by the Chinese. And accomplishing that    mission, the Portuguese gave birth to the globalization, as a new long historical    step of the evolution of the world system. Ironically, the Chinese came from    the South China Sea to the Indian Ocean. The Portuguese did the reverse route    – from the Atlantic to the “locked” Indian Ocean and afterwards to some regions    of the Pacific. In this paper we intend to formulate the hypothesis of two Discoveries’    Matrixes, its similarities and differences. Both research projects on these    Matrixes are very recent. They need more study and investigation. The Portuguese    Discoveries Matrix was presented in the book Pioneers of Globalization, and    the Chinese Matrix is un-structured described in different papers and books    from Chinese and foreign origin. We only put the pieces together, in a comprehensive    frame. </p>     <p><b>Key words:</b> Discoveries, Globalization, Power Projection, Soft Power,    Hard Power, China, Portugal, Zheng He</p>     <p>&nbsp; </p>     <p><b>TÍTULO:</b> As duas mais antigas matrizes das Descobertas</p>     <p><b>RESUMO:</b> Neste artigo abordamos a «ligação» esquecida entre as Histórias    Portuguesa e Chinesa na época remota de Quatrocentos e Quinhentos. O abandono    abrupto das Navegações no Índico pela dinastia Ming abriu a oportunidade histórica    que viria a ser aproveitada pela dinastia de Aviz. Separadas por quase cem anos,    as duas estratégias no Índico estão ainda mais apartadas pela diferença abissal    nos seus princípios directores. Revisitar a estratégia Ming no Índico entre    1405 e 1433 pode ser um elemento inspirador para se entender a projecção chinesa    actual. A hipótese formulada é a da existência implícita de duas matrizes das    «Descobertas» no Séc. XV, apontando as suas semelhanças e as suas diferenças.    No caso chinês, essa matriz está dispersa e não estruturada em diversas publicações    sobre o tema das Navegações chinesas, que surgiram, desde 2005, com o aniversário    dos seus 600 anos. Apenas, nos limitamos a sugerir uma forma de juntar as peças.    No caso português, a referida matriz foi apresentada no livro Portugal, Pioneiro    da Globalização. </p>     <p><b>Palavras-chave:</b> Descobertas, Globalização, Projecção de Poder, Soft    Power, Hard Power, China, Portugal, Zheng</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>NOTES</b></p>     <p> 1. Co-authored with Professor Tessaleno Devezas and published in January 2008    by Centro Atlântico, Portugal.</p>     <p> Available at: <a href="http://www.centroatlantico.pt/globalization" target="_blank">http://www.centroatlantico.pt/globalization</a>.  </p>     <p>2. About this figure – 3000 locations or 30 countries – there is great controversy    about the interpretation of Chinese inscriptions ordered by Zheng He as a testament    on stones at the port of Liujiagang in the Yangtze river and at the anchorage    at Changle in Fujian province as the fleet was preparing to sail on its 7th    and last voyage (1431- 1433). </p>     <p>3. The Portuguese in India, Cambridge University Press, 1987.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><a name="1"></a><a href="#top1">*</a> Jorge Nascimento Rodrigues<a href="mailto:jnr@groupadventus.com">jnr@groupadventus.com</a></p>     <p>Editor dos portais <a href="http://www.janelanaweb.com" target="_blank">www.janelanaweb.com</a>    (lançado em 1995) e <a href="http://www.gurusonline.tv" target="_blank">www.gurusonline.tv</a>    (trilingue, lançado em 2000) e do blogue de geopolítica <a href="http://geoscopio.tv" target="_blank">http://geoscopio.tv</a>    (2006). Colaborador do Expresso desde 1983 e coordenador da Revista Portuguesa    e Brasileira de Gestão. Fundador e editor, nos anos 1980, da revista Futuro.    Coordenador editorial da Editora Centro Atlântico e co-autor de diversos livros    em português (editados pela Quarta Vaga, Centro Atlântico e INDEG), inglês (Prentice    Hall) e castelhano (Pearson Educación). </p>     <p>Editor of management and geostrategy webportals <a href="http://www.janelanaweb.com" target="_blank">Janelanaweb.com</a>    (1995) and <a href="http://www.gurusonline.tv" target="_blank">Gurusonline.tv</a>    (2000) and of <a href="http://geoscopio.tv" target="_blank">http://geoscopio.tv</a>    (2006). Contributor for Expresso weekly newspaper in Lisbon, Portugal, since    1983, and executive editor of the Portuguese and Brazilian Management Review.    Founder and editor of Futuro (Future) magazine in the 1980's, in Lisbon. Executive    editor of Centro Atlântico Publishing House, Portugal. Co-author of management    and technology books in Portuguese (Quarta Vaga Publishers, Centro Atlântico    Editorial House and INDEG), English (Prentice Hall) and Spanish (Pearson Educación).</p>      ]]></body>
</article>
