<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0874-0283</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de Enfermagem Referência]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Enf. Ref.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0874-0283</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra - Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde - Enfermagem]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0874-02832021000500011</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12707/rv20141</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Gripe española de 1918 versus SARS-CoV-2: Comparativa a través de la historia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918 flu SARS-CoV-2: A comparison through history]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[A gripe espanhola de 1918 versus SARS-CoV-2: Uma comparação ao longo da história]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romera-Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Cantarino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sagrario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Checa-Peñalver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dios-Aguado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mercedes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Queirós]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paulo Joaquim Pina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería Departamento de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Terapia Ocupacional]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toledo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos Unidad de Rehabilitación]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toledo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Servicios de Salud Castilla-La Mancha Centro de Salud Yepes, Atención Primaria de Salud Área nº 1]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toledo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior de Enfermería de Coímbra Unidad de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud: Enfermería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coímbra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>serV</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0874-02832021000500011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0874-02832021000500011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0874-02832021000500011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Marco contextual:  La humanidad ha tenido que enfrentarse a múltiples pandemias, estas se extendieron rápidamente produciendo altas tasas de morbimortalidad.  Objetivo:  Comparar el impacto sociosanitario de la gripe española de 1918 y el SARS-CoV-2.  Metodología:  Investigación histórico-descriptiva, relacionada con la gripe de 1918 y el SARS-CoV-2. Recopilación de información: protocolos sanitarios; análisis (organismos internacionales, libros y artículos científicos). Se realizó un análisis interpretativo por fechas y acontecimientos del periodo de estudio.  Resultados:  La gripe española ocurrió durante tres etapas, la primera en marzo de 1918 y la última en 1919. El SARS-CoV-2 comenzó en Wuhan (China) en diciembre de 2019; no obstante, tuvo su mayor propagación en marzo de 2020 y se prevé un nuevo rebrote. Hasta julio de 2020 la gripe española ha tenido mayor número de víctimas, ambas pandemias han tenido repercusión a nivel mundial y han causado la muerte a multitud de personas.  Conclusión:  El desconocimiento de estas patologías, la ausencia de tratamiento y vacuna y la escasez de recursos para la alta demanda de pacientes han sido un desafío global.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background:  Humanity has so far faced multiple pandemics, with swift propagation and high morbimortality rates.  Objective:  To compare the social and health impact of the Spanish flu of 1918 and SARS-CoV-2.  Methodology:  Historical-descriptive study on the 1918 flu and SARS-CoV-2. Data were collected on health protocols through the analysis of international organizations, books, and scientific articles. An interpretative analysis was performed based on the dates and events of the period under study.  Results:  The Spanish flu occurred in 3 stages, the first in March 1918 and the last in 1919. SARS-CoV-2 started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 but spread worldwide in March 2020 and a new wave is expected. As of now, July 2020, the Spanish flu has had the highest number of victims, although both pandemics have had worldwide repercussions, accounting for many deaths.  Conclusion:  The lack of knowledge about these diseases, the absence of treatment and vaccines, as well as the scarcity of resources for the high rate of patients&#8217; needs have been a global challenge.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Enquadramento:  A humanidade teve de enfrentar múltiplas pandemias, que se espalharam rapidamente e produziram altas taxas de morbilidade e mortalidade.  Objetivo:  Comparar o impacto socio-sanitário da gripe espanhola de 1918 e SARS-CoV-2.  Metodologia:  Investigação histórico-descritiva, relacionada com a gripe de 1918 e SARS-CoV-2. Recolha de informação: protocolos de saúde; análise: organizações internacionais, livros e artigos científicos. Foi realizada uma análise interpretativa por datas e eventos do período de estudo.  Resultados:  A gripe espanhola ocorreu durante três fases, a primeira em março de 1918 e a última em 1919. SARS-CoV-2 começou em Wuhan (China) em dezembro de 2019; teve a sua maior propagação em março de 2020 e espera-se um novo surto. Até julho 2020, a gripe espanhola tem tido o maior número de vítimas, embora ambas as pandemias tenham tido repercussões mundiais, com muitas pessoas a morrer.  Conclusão:  A falta de conhecimento sobre estas patologias, a ausência de tratamento e vacina, bem como a escassez de recursos para a grande procura de doentes, têm sido um desafio global.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[epidemias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pandemias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia de enfermería]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[virus de la gripe A]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salud pública]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epidemics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pandemics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[history of nursing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[influenza A virus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[public health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[epidemias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pandemias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[coronavírus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[história da enfermagem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[vírus da influenza A]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[saúde pública]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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