0874-2049 0874-2049 S0874-20492022000200074 10.17575/psicologia.1769 Portugal Portugal Portugal Portugal Portugal Portugal Portugal 30 12 2022 30 12 2022 36 2 74 87

American Psychiatry Association 2013 5 American Society of Addiction Medicine 2019 2014 20 25 25 4053-61 2013 2 2 2 90-9 2012 110 2 2 501-17 2013 29 4 4 1342-9 2020 1961 4 561-71 2013 16 2 2 132-5 2012 11 3 3 14-9 1999 II 87-109 2010 26 5 5 1089-97 2013 15 2 2 1975 1993 2007 12 4 4 1143-68 2011 14 11 11 631-5 1984 2012 31 4 4 356-82 2009 1981 18 3 3 382-8 2014 67 92-6 2013 04 05 05 2009 2014 31 4 4 597-606 2013 52 1 1 128-30 2009 12 4 4 451-5 2010 2013 16 4 4 279-84 2012 1768-76 2020 17 3 3 1-16 2013 III 66 66 12-5 2010 1989 2 65-79 2011 48 3 3 207-11 2011 3 7 7 95 1982 3 191-202 2016 14 6 6 1062-73 1980 39 3 3 472-80 2014 3 3 3 133-48 2011 27 5 5 1658-64 2003 8 2 2 23-74 2005 5 2 2 319-33 Statista 2021 2012 1973 20 623-44 2019 8 1 1 79-87 2014 10 6 6 1971 12 6 6 371-9