Tânia Silva, Jorge Quintas

Instituto Superior Ciências da Saúde

CONTACTOS

RESUMO

Neste estudo pretende-se caracterizar o consumo de álcool nos toxicodependentes em tratamento bem como as repercussões psi­cológicas e sociais deste consumo. Foi elaborado um questionário sobre o consumo de substâncias, comportamentos de risco e activi­dade criminal, e foram também utilizados: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Cut; Annoyed; Gilty; Eyer (CAGE), The Inventory of Drug Taking Situation (IDTS), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) e a Escala do Suporte Social. Dos resultados obtidos, destaca-se a elevada percentagem de toxicodependentes bebebores de risco, com consumo nocivo e depen­dentes (78% no AUDIT e no CAGE), e o facto de quer a necessidade de consumo, quer as diferentes medidas de frequência de consumo, serem actualmente superiores relativamente ao período anterior ao tratamento. Encontram-se ainda relações positivas significativas entre o consu­mo de álcool e a adopção de comportamentos de risco. Verificou-se ainda uma relação positiva muito significativa entre os sintomas psicopatológicos e o consumo de álcool. Relativamente ao suporte social, apesar destes indivíduos apresen­tarem um suporte social diminuto, não é encontrada uma relação significativa entre este e o consumo de álcool.

Palavras-chave: Toxicodependência; Programas de Substituição Opiácea; Consumos de Álcool; Comportamentos de Risco; Sintomas Psicopatológicos; Suporte Social.

Cette étude veut caractériser la consommation d’alcool par des toxicomanes pendant son traitement, ainsi que les conséquences psychologiques et sociales de cette consommation excessive d’alcool. Un questionnaire a été élaboré sur la toxicomanie, les comporte­ments à risque et les activités criminelles. Le Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), le Cut, Annoyed, Gilty; Eyer (CAGE), le Inventory of Drug-Taking Situation (IDTS), le Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) et l’échelle de soutien social ont également été utilisés. De nos résultats, nous soulignons le pourcentage élevé de toxicoma­nes qui sont des buveurs de risque, avec une consommation nocif et une dépendance (78% dans AUDIT et CAGE) et le fait que tant la nécessité de consommation, tant les diverses mesures de la fréquence de consommation, soient actuellement plus élevés que dans la période avant le traitement. On a découvert encore des relations positives importantes entre la consommation d’alcool et l’adoption de comportements à risque. On a vérifié aussi une relation positive très significative entre les symptômes psychopathologiques et la consommation d’alcool. En ce qui concerne le soutien social, bien que ces individus présentent un support social minuscule, il n’y a pas une relation significative entre celle-ci et la consommation d’alcool.

Mots-clé: Toxicomanie; Programmes de Substitution Opiace; Consumes de Alcool; Comportements de Risque; Symptômes Psycho­pathologiques; Support Social.

ABSTRACT

This study aims to characterize the consumption of alcohol addicts in treatment as well as psychological and social consequences of this consumption. A questionnaire was developed on the substance use; risk behaviors and criminal activity were also used: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Cut, Annoyed, Gilty; Eyer (CAGE), The Inventory of Drug-Taking Situation (IDTS), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the scale of social support. The results highlighted, show us high rates of harmful, dependent and risk consumption of alcohol (78% in AUDIT and the CAGE 78%), and the fact that both the need for consumption, whether the various measures of frequency of use, are currently higher when compared with the period prior to treatment. Still, was found a significant positive relationship between alcohol consumption and the adoption of risk behaviors, particularly with regard to sexual risks. The fact that they are living with HIV and hepatitis B correlates positively with the consumption of alcohol, this is not checking for hepatitis C. It was also found a very significant positive relationship between psychopathological symptoms and alcohol consumption. For social support, although these individuals make a small social support, is not found a significant relationship between this and the consumption of alcohol.

Key Words: Addiction; Opioid Substitution Programs; Alcohol Consumption; Risk Behaviors; Psychopathological Symptoms; Social Support.

RESUMEN

En este estudio se pretende caracterizar el consumo de alcohol en los drogodependientes en tratamiento bien como las repercu­siones psicológicas y sociales de este consumo. Fue elaborado un cuestionario sobre el consumo de sustancias, comportamientos de riesgo y actividad criminal, y fueran también utilizados: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Cut; Annoyed; Gilty; Eyer (CAGE), The Inventory of Drug-Taking Situation (IDTS), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) y la Escala del suporte social. De entre los resultados obtenidos se destaca el elevado porcentaje de drogodependientes que son bebedores de riesgo con un consumo nocivo y dependientes (78% en el AUDIT y en el CAGE), bien como el facto de que tanto la necesidad de consumo como las diferentes medidas de frecuencia de consumo sean actualmente superiores en lo que respecta al periodo anterior al tratamiento. Aún se destacan relaciones positivas significativas entre el consumo de alcohol y la adopción de comportamientos de riesgo. Se verificó también una relación positiva muy significativa entre los síntomas psicopatológicos y el consumo de alcohol. Relativamente al suporte social, a pesar de que estos sujetos presen­ten un suporte social diminuto, no se verifica que tengan una relación significativa con el consumo de alcohol.

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CONTACTOS:

Psicóloga Clínica Instituto Superior Ciências da Saúde – Norte Rua Central de Gandra Telemóvel: 962706955 | E-mail: tsilva082@gmail.com

JORGE ALBINO QUINTAS DE OLIVEIRA

Doutorado em Criminologia Prof. Instituto Superior Ciências da Saúde – Norte Rua Central de Gandra Telemóvel: 912168980 | E-mail: jorge.quintas@iscsn.cespu.pt

Artigo recebido em 24/08/10; versão final aceite em 12/11/10.