<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0874-5161</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigação Operacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inv. Op.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0874-5161</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[APDIO - Associação Portuguesa de Investigação Operacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0874-51612003000100001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Elaboração de itinerários turísticos: Abordagem heurística de um caso real]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Tourist Routes Design: A Heuristic Approach to a Case Study]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colaço]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susana Gueifão]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarida Vaz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico de Santarém Escola Superior de Educação ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,UTL - Universidade Técnica de Lisboa ISEG - Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão Departamento de Matemática]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0874-51612003000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0874-51612003000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0874-51612003000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The problem of Tourist Routes Design involves defining circuits for a tourist wishing to enjoy a several days visit, in a given region following his particular interests. From an Operations Research standpoint, this problem can be framed as a vehicle routing problem with time windows. Once the issue has been analysed, mathematical formulations are drawn up. The methodology proposed is based on a breakdown of the problem into three levels: the first involves determining single day routes (sub-routes), the second, built from the daily sub-routes, concerns a global route whose duration d is decided by the tourist and the third one is designed to obtain an improved global route of d days. For the first level, two constructive heuristics will be presented - a nearest neighbour heuristic and an insertion heuristic. For the second level, a constructive heuristic was created and, for the third, an improvement heuristic embedding diversification-intensification strategies. The algorithms developed were computationally implemented and tested by building tourist routes for the Santarém region.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O problema da Elaboração de Itinerários Turísticos resulta da necessidade de apoiar a construção de um itinerário para um turista que pretende visitar, durante vários dias e de acordo com os seus interesses, uma determinada região e pode ser enquadrado, no âmbito da Investigação Operacional, como um problema de rotas de veículos com janelas temporais. Neste artigo é realizada uma análise do problema e são apresentadas formulações matemáticas. Seguidamente é proposto um método heurístico baseado na decomposição do problema em três níveis: um primeiro nível correspondente à determinação de itinerários com duração de um dia (subitinerários); um segundo nível para construção, a partir dos subitinerários, de vários itinerários diferentes com a duração de d dias; e um terceiro nível desenvolvido com o objectivo de obter um itinerário melhorado com duração de d dias. Serão apresentadas para o primeiro nível duas heurísticas construtivas, para o segundo também uma heurística construtiva e para o terceiro uma melhorativa com estratégias de diversificação e intensificação. Os algoritmos desenvolvidos foram testados computacionalmente na elaboração de itinerários turísticos para a região de Santarém.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tourist Itineraries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vehicle Routing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Problem with Time Windows]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Constructive Heuristics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diversification and Intensification Strategies]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p ALIGN="CENTER"><B>Elabora&#231;&#227;o de itiner&#225;rios tur&#237;sticos  Abordagem heur&#237;stica de um caso real</B></p>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">Susana Gueif&#227;o Cola&#231;o *&nbsp;</P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">Margarida Vaz Pato †</P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">* Escola Superior de Educa&#231;&#227;o - Instituto Polit&#233;cnico    de Santar&#233;m <a href="mailto:scolaco@eses.pt">scolaco@eses.pt</a>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"> † Departamento de Matem&#225;tica \ ISEG - UTL Centro de Investiga&#231;&#227;o    Operacional \ FC - UL <a href="mailto:mpato@iseg.utl.pt">mpato@iseg.utl.pt</a>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>Abstract</b></p>       <P> The problem of Tourist Routes Design involves defining circuits for a tourist wishing to enjoy a several days visit, in a given region following his particular interests. From an Operations Research standpoint, this problem can be framed as a vehicle routing problem with time windows. Once the issue has been analysed, mathematical formulations are drawn up. The methodology proposed is based on a breakdown of the problem into three levels: the first involves determining single day routes (sub-routes), the second, built from the daily sub-routes, concerns a global route whose duration <i>d</i> is decided by the tourist and the third one is designed to obtain an improved global route of <i>d </i>days. For the first level, two constructive heuristics will be presented - a nearest neighbour heuristic and an insertion heuristic. For the second level, a constructive heuristic was created and, for the third, an improvement heuristic embedding diversification-intensification strategies. The algorithms developed were computationally implemented and tested by building tourist routes for the Santar&#233;m region.   </P>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>Resumo</b></p>       ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P> O problema da Elabora&#231;&#227;o de Itiner&#225;rios Tur&#237;sticos resulta da necessidade de apoiar a constru&#231;&#227;o de um itiner&#225;rio para um turista que pretende visitar, durante v&#225;rios dias e de acordo com os seus interesses, uma determinada regi&#227;o e pode ser enquadrado, no &#226;mbito da Investiga&#231;&#227;o Operacional, como um problema de rotas de ve&#237;culos com janelas temporais. Neste artigo &#233; realizada uma an&#225;lise do problema e s&#227;o apresentadas formula&#231;&#245;es matem&#225;ticas. Seguidamente &#233; proposto um m&#233;todo heur&#237;stico baseado na decomposi&#231;&#227;o do problema em tr&#234;s n&#237;veis: um primeiro n&#237;vel correspondente &#224; determina&#231;&#227;o de itiner&#225;rios com dura&#231;&#227;o de um dia (subitiner&#225;rios); um segundo n&#237;vel para constru&#231;&#227;o, a partir dos subitiner&#225;rios, de v&#225;rios itiner&#225;rios diferentes com a dura&#231;&#227;o de <i>d</i> dias; e um terceiro n&#237;vel desenvolvido com o objectivo de obter um itiner&#225;rio melhorado com dura&#231;&#227;o de <i>d </i>dias. Ser&#227;o apresentadas para o primeiro n&#237;vel duas heur&#237;sticas construtivas, para o segundo tamb&#233;m uma heur&#237;stica construtiva e para o terceiro uma melhorativa com estrat&#233;gias de diversifica&#231;&#227;o e intensifica&#231;&#227;o. Os algoritmos desenvolvidos foram testados computacionalmente na elabora&#231;&#227;o de itiner&#225;rios tur&#237;sticos para a regi&#227;o de Santar&#233;m.  </P>      <P> <B>Keywords:</B> Tourist Itineraries; Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows; Constructive Heuristics; Diversification and Intensification Strategies </P>     <P><B>Title:</B> Tourist Routes Design. A Heuristic Approach to a Case Study &nbsp;</p>       <P>&nbsp;</p>        <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>      <P>&nbsp;</p>        <p> <b> Refer&#234;ncias Bibliogr&#225;ficas</b> </p>         <!-- ref --><p>1. Ball, M. O., Magnanti, T. L., Monna, C. L. e Nemhauser, G. 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