<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0874-5161</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigação Operacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inv. Op.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0874-5161</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[APDIO - Associação Portuguesa de Investigação Operacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0874-51612003000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A genetic based algorithm for the quadratic 0-1 problem]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schütz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pires]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Algarve Escola Superior de Tecnologia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Algarve Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>71</fpage>
<lpage>84</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0874-51612003000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0874-51612003000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0874-51612003000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this work we present an algorithm to the unrestricted binary quadratic program. This approach combines genetic operators with greedy and heuristic procedures. We started from a genetic based algorithm and replaced the random mutation by a greedy procedure based on each variable contribution to the objective function. We also introduced in the genetic population an individual obtained by a heuristic that finds a local star minimum point. Computational experience with a set of test-problems, known from literature, is reported and analysed. Our results are quite promising.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Quadratic 0-1 programming]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Genetic Algorithms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hybrid Algorithms]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p ALIGN=CENTER><B>A genetic based algorithm for the quadratic 0-1 problem</B></p>     <P ALIGN=CENTER>G. Sch&#252;tz *</P>     <P ALIGN=CENTER>F. M. Pires †</P>     <P ALIGN=center>* Escola Superior de Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve </p>     <P ALIGN=center><a href="mailto:gschutz@ualg.pt">gschutz@ualg.pt</a> </p>     <P ALIGN=center> † Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve  </P>     <P ALIGN=center><a href="mailto:mpires@ualg.pt">mpires@ualg.pt</a> </P>       <p><b>Abstract</b></p>       <P> In this work we present an algorithm to the unrestricted binary  quadratic program. This approach combines genetic operators with  greedy and heuristic procedures. We started from a genetic based  algorithm and replaced the random mutation by a greedy procedure  based on each variable contribution to the objective function. We  also introduced in the genetic population an individual obtained  by a heuristic that finds a local star minimum point.  Computational experience with a set of test-problems, known from  literature, is reported and analysed. Our results are quite  promising.</p>           <P> <b>Keywords:</b> Quadratic 0-1 programming, Genetic Algorithms, Hybrid Algorithms</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>&nbsp;</p>      <p>Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>References</b> </p>     <!-- ref --><p>1. Alidaee, B., G. Kochenberger and A. Ahmadian (1994), &quot;0-1 quadratic    programming approach for the optimal solution of two scheduling problems&quot;,    <I>Int. J. Systems Sci.</I>, 25, pp. 401-408. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=325960&pid=S0874-5161200300010000500001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P> 2. Gallo, G.; P. L. Hammer; B. Simeone (1980), "Quadratic knapsack problems&quot;,    <I>Math. Prog.</I>, 12, pp. 132-149. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=325961&pid=S0874-5161200300010000500002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>3. Garey M. R.; S. Johnson (1979), &quot;Computers and Intractability: A Guide    to the Theory of NP-Completeness&quot;, Freeman, S. Francisco. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=325962&pid=S0874-5161200300010000500003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>4. Glover, F.: G. A. Kochenberger; B. Alidaee (1998), &quot;Adaptative memory    tabu search for binary quadratic programs&quot;, <I>Manag. Sci.</I>, 44, pp.    336-345.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=325963&pid=S0874-5161200300010000500004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>5. Glover, F.: G. A. Kochenberger; B. Alidaee; M. Amini (1999), &quot;Tabu    search with critical event memory: an enhanced application for binary quadratic    programs&quot; in Meta-Heuristics Advances and Trends in Local Search Paradigms    for Optimization, S. Voss, S. Martello, I. H. Osman and C. Roucairol (eds).  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=325964&pid=S0874-5161200300010000500005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>6. Gulati, V. P., Gupta, S.K., Mittal, A.K. (1984), &quot;Unconstrained quadratic    bivalent programming problem&quot;, European Journal of Operational Research,    15, pp.121-125. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=325965&pid=S0874-5161200300010000500006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>7. Krarup, J.; P. A. Pruzan (1978), &quot;Computer aided layout design&quot;,    <I>Math. Prog. Study</I>,&nbsp;9, pp. 75-94. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=325966&pid=S0874-5161200300010000500007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>8. Lodi, A., Allemand, K., Liebling, T.M. (1999), &quot;An evolutionary heuristic    for quadratic 0-1 programming&quot;, European Journal of Operational Research,    119, pp. 662-670. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=325967&pid=S0874-5161200300010000500008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P>9. McBride, R. D.; J. S. Yomark (1980), &quot;An implicit enumeration algorithm    for quadratic integer programming&quot;, <I>Manag. Sci.</I>, 26, pp. 282-296.  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=325968&pid=S0874-5161200300010000500009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P> 10. Pardalos, P. , G. 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