Dulce F. Pires *
A. Gomes Martins †
C. Henggeler Antunes †
* Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal - Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Portugal
† Departamento de Engenharia Electrotécnica e Computadores
Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia - Universidade de Coimbra. Portugal
]]> † INESC Coimbra. PortugalAbstract
The installation of shunt capacitors in electrical distribution networks can effectively reduce energy and peak power losses, while improving quality of service particularly promoting a better voltage profile. Economic and operational benefits depend mainly on the number, location and sizes of the capacitors installed.
In this problem, multiple and conflicting evaluation aspects are generally at stake, such as minimizing capacitor installation cost and reducing system losses. Multiple objective models explicitly address these distinct concerns, and they entail analyzing trade-offs between the different objectives to select a satisfactory compromise solution from the set of potentially non-dominated solutions which can be accepted as the output of the decision process.
In this paper, a tabu search based approach is presented, which provides decision support in the problem of capacitor location in radial distribution networks. The model explicitly considers two conflicting and incommensurate objective functions, related to cost and operation aspects of evaluation.
Resumo
A instalação de condensadores em redes eléctricas de distribuição reduz efectivamente as perdas de energia e a potência de pico, para além de contribuir para uma melhor qualidade de serviço, nomeadamente na melhoria do perfil de tensões apresentado pela rede. Os benefícios económicos e operacionais obtidos com a colocação de condensadores estão intimamente ligados ao número, localização e dimensão dos dispositivos instalados.
Neste problema existem vários aspectos de avaliação de natureza conflituosa, tais como a redução de perdas e a minimização do custo de instalação das baterias de condensadores. Enveredou-se, por isso, por uma abordagem multiobjectivo, com o desenvolvimento de um modelo que contempla explicitamente os diferentes aspectos de avaliação e permite a selecção de uma solução de compromisso satisfatória, a partir do conjunto de soluções potencialmente não dominadas resultante do processo de pesquisa.
]]> Nesta abordagem, baseada em pesquisa tabu, propõe-se um modelo multiobjectivo de apoio à decisão para o problema da colocação de condensadores em redes de distribuição. O modelo considera explicitamente duas funções objectivo, relacionadas com os aspectos de avaliação referentes ao custo e à redução de perdas.Keywords: multiobjective models, tabu search, distribution electrical networks.
Title: A multiobjective model for the location of capacitors in radial distribution networks.
Texto completo apenas disponível em PDF.
Full text only in PDF.
Referências
]]>1. Cook, R.F., (1964), "Calculating Loss Reduction Afforded by Shunt Capacitor Application", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-83, 1227-1230. [ Links ]
2. Schmill, J.V., (1965), "Optimum Size And Location Of Shunt Capacitors On Distribution Feeders", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-84 (9), 825 - 832. [ Links ]
3. Chang, Nelson E. (1969), "Locating Shunt Capacitors On Primary Feeder For Voltage Control And Loss Reduction", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-88 (10), 1574-1577. [ Links ]
4. Chang, Nelson E. (1971), "Generalized Equations On Loss Reduction With Shunt Capacitors", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-91, 2189-2195. [ Links ]
5. Bae, Y.G., (1978), "Analytical Method Of Capacitor Allocation On Distribution Primary Feeders" IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-97 (11), 1232 - 1238. [ Links ]
6. Grainger, J. J., S.H. Lee (1981), "Optimum Size and Location of Shunt Capacitors for Reduction of Losses on Distribution Feeders", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-100 (3), 1105 - 1118. [ Links ]
7. Grainger, J. J., S.H. Lee (1982), "Capacity Release by Shunt Capacitor Placement on Distribution Feeders: a New Voltage-Dependent Model", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-101 (5), 1236 - 1244. [ Links ]
8. Pretelt, A. M. (1971), "Automatic allocation of network capacitors", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-90 (1), 54 - 61. [ Links ]
9. Fernandes, R.A., F. Lange, R.C. Burchett, H.H. Happ, K.A. Wirgau (1983), "Large Scale Reactive Power Planning", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-102 (5), 1083 - 1088. [ Links ]
10. Chung, T. S., Ge Shaoyun (1997), "A Recursive LP-Based Approach for Optimal Capacitor Allocation with Cost-Benefit Consideration", Electric Power Systems Research, 39(1997), 129-136. [ Links ]
11. Aoki, K, M. Fan, A. Nishikori, (1988), "Optimal VAR Planning by Approximation Method for Recursive Mixed-Integer Linear Programming", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, PWRS-3 (4), 1741 - 1747. [ Links ]
12. Baran, M. E., F.F. Wu (1989a), "Optimal Capacitor Placement on Radial Distribution System", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 4 (1), 725-734. [ Links ]
13. Baran, M. E., F.F. Wu (1989b), "Optimal Sizing of Capacitors Placed on a Radial Distribution System", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 4 (1), 735-743. [ Links ]
14. Iba, Kenji (1994), "Reactive Power Optimization by Genetic Algorithm", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 9(2), 685-692. [ Links ]
15. Lee, K.Y., Xiaomin Bai, Young-Moon Park (1995), "Optimization Method for Reactive Power Planning by Using a Modified Simple Genetic Algorithm", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 10(4), 1843-1850. [ Links ]
16. Kim, K.-H., S.-K. You (1999), "Voltage Profile Improvement by Capacitor Placement and Control in Unbalanced Distribution Systems Using GA", Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2, 800-805. [ Links ]
17. Levitin, G., A. Kalyuhny, A. Shenkman, M. Chertkov (2000) "Optimal Capacitor Allocation in Distribution Systems Using a Genetic Algorithm and a Fast Energy Loss Computation Technique", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 15(2), 623-628. [ Links ]
18. Chiang, H.D., J.C. Wang, O. Cockings (1990a), "Optimal Capacitor Placements in Distribution Systems Part I: A New Formulation and the Overall Problem", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 5 (2), 634-642. [ Links ]
19. Chiang, H. D., J.C. Wang, O. Cockings (1990b), "Optimal Capacitor Placements in Distribution Systems Part II: Solution Algorithms and Numerical Results", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 5 (2), 643-649. [ Links ]
20. Hsiao, Y.-T, C.-C. Liu, H.-D. Hsiao, Y.-L. Chen (1993), "A New Approach for Optimal VAR Sources Planning in Large Scale Electric Power Systems", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 8(3), 988-996. [ Links ]
21. Chang, C. S., J.S. Huang (1997), "Optimal SVC Placement for Voltage Stability Reinforcement", Electric Power Systems Research, 42(1997), 165-172. [ Links ]
22. Yang, H.-T., Y.-C. Huang, C.-L. Huang (1995), "Solution to Capacitor Placement Problem in a radial Distribution System Using Tabu Search Method", Proceedings of EMPD '95, International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery, 1, 388-393. [ Links ]
23. Mori, H., Y. Ogita (1999), "Capacitor Placement Using Parallel Tabu Search in Distribution Systems", Proceedings of SMC '99, International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 6, 521-526. [ Links ]
24. Mori, H., Y. Ogita (2000), "Parallel Tabu Search for Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution Systems", Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 4, 2334-2339. [ Links ]
25. Chang, C.S., L.P. Lern (2000), "Application of Tabu Search Strategy in Solving Non-Differenciable Savings Function for the Calculation of Optimum Savings Due to Shunt Capacitor Installation in a Radial Distribution System", Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 4, 2323-2328. [ Links ]
26. Chin, H.-C., W.-M. Lin (1994), "Capacitor Placements for Distribution Systems with Fuzzy Algorithm", TENCON '94 IEEE Region 10's Ninth Annual International Conference. The Frontiers of Computer Technology, 2, 1025-1029. [ Links ]
27. Abdul-Rahman, K. H., S.M. Shahidehpour, M. Daneshdoost (1995), "AI Approach to Optimal VAR Control With Fuzzy Reactive Loads", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 10(1), 88-97. [ Links ]
28. Dash, P.K., S. Saha, P.K. Nanda (1991), "Artificial Neural Net Approach for Capacitor Placement in Power System", Proceedings of the First International Forum on Applications of Neural Networks to Power Systems, 1, 247-250. [ Links ]
29. Zhu, J. Z., C.S. Chang, W. Yan, G.Y. Xu (1998), "Reactive Power Optimisation Using an Analytic Hierarchical Process and a Nonlinear Optimisation Neural Network Approach", IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 145(1), 89-97. [ Links ]
30. Hsiao, Y.-T, H.-D. Hsiao, C.-C. Liu, Y.-L. Chen (1994), "A Computer Package for Optimal Multi-Objective VAR Planning in Large Scale Power Systems", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 9(2), 668-676. [ Links ]
31. Glamocanin, V., D. Andonov, D. Trajanov, B. Stojkoska (1998), "Optimal Power System VAR Planning by AI Algorithm", MELECON 98, 9th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, 2, 1066-1070. [ Links ]
32. Chen, T.-H., M.-S. Chen, K.-J. Hwang, , P. Koats , E.A. Chebli, (1991), "Distribution Sstem Power Flow Analysis - A Rigid Approach", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 6(3), 1146-1152. [ Links ]
33. Das, D., H. S. Nagi, D.P. Kothari, (1994), "Novel Method for Solving Radial Distribution Networks", IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution, 141(4), 291-298. [ Links ]
34. Moon, Y.-H., B.-K. Choi, B.-H. Cho, S.-H. Kim, B.-N. Ha, J.-H. Lee (1999), "Fast And Reliable Distribution System Load Flow Algorithm Based On The Y/Sub Bus/ Formulation", IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting 1999., (1), 238-242. [ Links ]
35. Expósito, A.G., E. R. Ramos (1999), "Reliable Load Flow Technique for Radial Distribution Networks", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 14 (3), 1063-1069. [ Links ]
]]>