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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0874-5161</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigação Operacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inv. Op.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0874-5161</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[APDIO - Associação Portuguesa de Investigação Operacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0874-51612005000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Fronteiras DEA Difusas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fuzzy DEA Frontiers]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares de Mello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João Carlos C. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eliane Gonçalves]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lidia Angulo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biondi Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luiz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sant Anna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Annibal Parracho]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal Fluminense Departamento de Engenharia de Produção ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Niterói RJ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Embrapa Monitoramento por Satélite  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campinas SP]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal Fluminense  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Volta Redonda RJ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Engenharia Eletrônica e Telecomunicações ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro RJ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>103</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0874-51612005000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0874-51612005000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0874-51612005000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The ``fuzzy'' DEA frontier is applied in situations where some variables (inputs or outputs) present a certain degree of uncertainty in its measurement, without any assumption about the probability distribution function. we build the efficient frontier taking in account the minor and major values of the input (or output). The efficient frontier is, in that case, a fuzzy set, to which the DMUs have a degree of membership. In order to compute the degree of membership two frontiers are constructed: the optimistic and the pessimistic frontiers. As this indicator isn't an efficiency score, we introduce the inverted frontier concept, which allows the fuzzy-DEA efficiency score computation. We developed the case where only one variable present a certain degree of uncertainty and it is generalised to the case where some or all variables are uncertain.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[A fronteira DEA difusa surge em situações nas quais algumas variáveis (inputs ou outputs) apresentam um certo grau de incerteza na medição, sem que se assuma que os valores obedecem a alguma distribuição de probabilidade. A fronteira eficiente é construída considerando-se os limites de incerteza, isto é, os menores e maiores valores possíveis de serem assumidos pela variável afectada pela incerteza de medição. Dessa forma, constrói-se uma região em relação à qual as DMUs possuem um certo grau de pertença. Para calcular o grau de pertença são construídas fronteiras optimistas e pessimistas. Como o grau de pertença não é uma medida de eficiência, é introduzido o conceito de fronteira invertida que permite calcular um índice de eficiência difuso. É mostrado o caso em que apenas uma variável apresenta incerteza e é generalizado para o caso em que algumas ou todas as variáveis apresentam incertezas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[DEA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fuzzy sets]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fuzzy DEA efficiency score]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <P align="center"><B>Fronteiras DEA difusas</B>     <p align="center">Jo&#227;o Carlos C. B. Soares de Mello * </p>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">  Eliane Gon&#231;alves Gomes &#8224;</P>       <P ALIGN="CENTER">  Lidia Angulo Meza &#8225;</P>       <P ALIGN="CENTER"> Luiz Biondi Neto § </P>       <P ALIGN="CENTER"> Annibal Parracho Sant Anna * </P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">* Depto. de Engenharia de Produ&#231;&#227;o - Universidade    Federal Fluminense. Rua Passo da P&#225;tria, 156, S&#227;o Domingos, 24240-240,    Niter&#243;i, RJ, Brasil <a href="mailto:jcsmello@producao.uff.br">jcsmello@producao.uff.br</a>,<a href="mailto:tppaps@vm.uff.br">tppaps@vm.uff.br</a></P>      <P ALIGN="CENTER">&#8224; Embrapa Monitoramento por Sat&#233;lite. Av. Dr.    J&#250;lio Soares de Arruda, 803, Parque S&#227;o Quirino, 13088-300, Campinas,    SP, Brasil <a href="mailto:gui@dps.uminho.pt">gui@dps.uminho.pt</a></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">&#8225; Departamento de Ci&#234;ncia dos Materiais - Universidade    Federal Fluminense.Av. dos Trabalhadores 420, 27255-125, Volta Redonda, RJ <a href="mailto:lidia_a_meza@yahoo.com">lidia_a_meza@yahoo.com</a>  </P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">§ Depto. de Eng. Eletr&#244;nica e Telecomunica&#231;&#245;es    - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.Rua S&#227;o Francisco Xavier, 524,    Bl. A-5036, Maracan&#227;, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil <a href="mailto:lbiondi@uerj.br">lbiondi@uerj.br</a><a href="mailto:Brasil%20lbiondi@uerj.br%20">    </a> </P>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>      <P>&nbsp;       <P align="center">      <p align="center"><B>Title:</B> Fuzzy DEA frontiers</p>     <P align="center"><b>Abstract:</b>     <P align="justify"> The ``fuzzy'' DEA frontier is applied in situations where    some variables (inputs or outputs) present a certain degree of uncertainty in    its measurement, without any assumption about the probability distribution function.    we build the efficient frontier taking in account the minor and major values    of the input (or output). The efficient frontier is, in that case, a fuzzy set,    to which the DMUs have a degree of membership. In order to compute the degree    of membership two frontiers are constructed: the optimistic and the pessimistic    frontiers. As this indicator isn't an efficiency score, we introduce the inverted    frontier concept, which allows the fuzzy-DEA efficiency score computation. We    developed the case where only one variable present a certain degree of uncertainty    and it is generalised to the case where some or all variables are uncertain.</P>     <P><b>Keywords:</b> DEA, Fuzzy sets, Fuzzy DEA efficiency score. </P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center"><b>Resumo:</b> </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P align="justify"> A fronteira DEA difusa surge em situa&#231;&#245;es nas quais    algumas vari&#225;veis (<I>inputs</I> ou <I>outputs</I>) apresentam um certo    grau de incerteza na medi&#231;&#227;o, sem que se assuma que os valores obedecem    a alguma distribui&#231;&#227;o de probabilidade. A fronteira eficiente &#233;    constru&#237;da considerando-se os limites de incerteza, isto &#233;, os menores    e maiores valores poss&#237;veis de serem assumidos pela vari&#225;vel afectada    pela incerteza de medi&#231;&#227;o. Dessa forma, constr&#243;i-se uma regi&#227;o    em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; qual as DMUs possuem um certo grau de perten&#231;a.    Para calcular o grau de perten&#231;a s&#227;o constru&#237;das fronteiras optimistas    e pessimistas. Como o grau de perten&#231;a n&#227;o &#233; uma medida de efici&#234;ncia,    &#233; introduzido o conceito de fronteira invertida que permite calcular um    &#237;ndice de efici&#234;ncia difuso. &#201; mostrado o caso em que apenas    uma vari&#225;vel apresenta incerteza e &#233; generalizado para o caso em que    algumas ou todas as vari&#225;veis apresentam incertezas. </P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>Texto completo apenas dispon&#237;vel em PDF.</p>       <P> Full text only in PDF.</p>      <P>&nbsp;</p>        <P><b>Refer&#234;ncias</b> </p>        <!-- ref --><p align="justify">1. Ali, A.I. (1993). 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