<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0874-5161</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigação Operacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inv. Op.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0874-5161</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[APDIO - Associação Portuguesa de Investigação Operacional]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0874-51612005000200007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Aplicação do algoritmo volumétrico à resolução aproximada e exacta do problema do caixeiro viajante assimétrico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Application of the volume algorithm to the approximate and exact solving of the asymmetric traveling salesman problem]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Maria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edite M.G.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Minho Departamento de Produção e Sistemas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Coimbra Departamento de Matemática ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>277</fpage>
<lpage>294</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0874-51612005000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0874-51612005000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0874-51612005000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this paper we present computational results with the volume algorithm, a variant of the subgradient method, when solving the linear relaxation that stems from the extended disaggregated flow formulation of the Asymmetric Travelling Salesman Problems. Computational experiments were performed on a selection of instances from the TSPLib and some randomly generated instances according to the Dimacs Implementation Challenge. We have also tried ATSP heuristics within the volume algorithm. Computational experiments show moderated success on medium-scale instances.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Neste artigo apresentamos resultados computacionais obtidos com o algoritmo volumétrico, uma variante do método do subgradiente, na resolução da relaxação linear que decorre da formulação estendida de fluxo desagregado para o problema do Caixeiro Viajante Assimétrico. As experiências computacionais foram realizadas numa selecção de instâncias da TSPLib e num conjunto de instâncias geradas aleatoriamente de acordo com o Dimacs Implementation Challenge. Também experimentámos a aplicação de heurísticas durante a execução do algoritmo volumétrico. As experiências computacionais mostram sucesso moderado com instâncias de média dimensão.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Asymmetric travelling salesman problem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Disaggregated flow formulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Lagrangian relaxation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><b>Aplicação do algoritmo volumétrico à resolução aproximada    e exacta do problema do caixeiro viajante assimétrico</b></p>      <p align="center">Ana Maria Rocha &#8224;</p>         <p align="center">Edite M.G.P. Fernandes &#8224</p>         <p align="center">João Soares * &#8225;</p>     <p align="center">&#8224 Departamento de Produção e Sistemas, Universidade do    Minho</p>     <p align="center" ><a href="mailto:arocha@dps.uminho.pt">arocha@dps.uminho.pt</a></p>     <p align="center" ><a href="mailto:emgpf@dps.uminho.pt">emgpf@dps.uminho.pt</a></p>      <p align="center" >&#8225 Departamento de Matemática, Universidade de Coimbra</p>       <p align="center" ><a href="mailto:jsoares@mat.uc.pt">jsoares@mat.uc.pt</a> </p>        <p>&nbsp;</p>       ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p></p>       <p></p>       <p align="center" ><b>Title:</b> Application of the volume algorithm to the approximate and exact solving      of the asymmetric traveling salesman problem.</p>        <p align="center" ><b >Abstract</b></p>        <p align="justify" >In this paper we present computational results with the volume    algorithm, a variant of the subgradient method, when solving the linear relaxation    that stems from the extended disaggregated flow formulation of the Asymmetric    Travelling Salesman Problems. Computational experiments were performed on a    selection of instances from the TSPLib and some randomly generated instances    according to the Dimacs  Implementation  Challenge. We have also tried ATSP    heuristics within the volume algorithm. Computational experiments show moderated    success on medium-scale instances.</p>       <p ><b >Keywords:</b> Asymmetric travelling salesman problem,      Disaggregated flow formulation, Lagrangian relaxation.</p>       <p align="justify" ></p>       <p align="justify" ></p>       <p align="justify" ></p>      <p align="center" ><b >Resumo</b></p>        ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify" >Neste      artigo apresentamos resultados computacionais obtidos com o algoritmo volumétrico,      uma variante do método do subgradiente, na resolução      da relaxação linear que decorre da formulação estendida de fluxo desagregado      para o problema do Caixeiro Viajante Assimétrico. As experiências computacionais      foram realizadas numa selecção de instâncias da TSPLib      e num conjunto de instâncias geradas aleatoriamente de acordo com o Dimacs  Implementation  Challenge. Também experimentámos a  aplicação de heurísticas durante a execução do      algoritmo volumétrico. As experiências computacionais mostram sucesso moderado      com instâncias de média dimensão.</p>       <p align="justify" ></p>        <p align="justify" >Texto completo apenas disponível em PDF. </p>      <p>Full text only in PDF. </p>       <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Referências</b></p>         <!-- ref --><p align="justify">R. Anbil, J. J. Forrest, and W. R. Pulleyblank. Column generation    and the airline crew pairing problem. Documenta Mathematica, Extra Volume ICM    III:677-686, 1998.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=328803&pid=S0874-5161200500020000700001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p align="justify">L. Bahiense, F. Barahona, and O. Porto. Solving steiner tree    problems in graphs with lagrangian relaxation. Journal of Combinatorial Optimization,    3(7):259-282, 2003.</p>     <p align="justify">L. Bahiense, N. Maculan, and C. Sagastizábal. The volume algorithm    revisited: Relation with bundle methods. Mathematical Programming, 94:41-70,    2002.</p>     <p align="justify">F. Barahona and R. Anbil. The volume algorithm: Producing primal    solutions with a subgradient method. Mathematical Programming, 87:385-399, 2000.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify">F. Barahona and R. Anbil. On some difficult linear programs    coming from set partitioning. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 118(1-2):3-11, 2002.</p>     <p align="justify">F. Barahona and F. A. Chudak. Near-optimal solutions to large    scale facility location problems. Technical report, <st1:place><st1:PlaceName>IBM</st1:PlaceName>    <st1:PlaceName>Watson</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName>Research</st1:PlaceName>    <st1:PlaceType>Center</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>, 1999.</p>     <p align="justify">F. Barahona and L. Ladanyi. Branch and cut based on the volume    algorithm: Steiner trees in graphs and max-cut. Technical report, <st1:place><st1:PlaceName>IBM</st1:PlaceName>    <st1:PlaceName>Watson</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName>Research</st1:PlaceName>    <st1:PlaceType>Center</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>, 2001.</p>     <p align="justify">A. Claus. A new formulation for the travelling salesman problem.    <st1:country-region><st1:place>SIAM</st1:place></st1:country-region> Journal    of Algebraic and Discrete Methods, 5:21-25, 1984.</p>     <p align="justify">P. V. D. Cruyssen and M. Rijckaert. Heuristic for the asymmetric    travelling salesman problem. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 29(7):697-701,    1978. 18A. M. Rocha, E. M. G. P. Fernandes, J. Soares / Investigação Operacional,    25 (2005) 1-19</p>     <p align="justify">G. Dantzig, D. Fulkerson, and S. Johnson. Solution of a large-scale    traveling salesman problem. Operations Research, 2:393-410, 1954.</p>     <p align="justify">M. Fischetti and P. Toth. A polyhedral approach to the asymmetric    traveling salesman problem. Management Science, 43(11):1520-1536, 1997.</p>     <p align="justify">B. Gavish and S. Graves. The traveling salesman problem and    related problems. Technical report, <st1:place><st1:PlaceName>Operations</st1:PlaceName>    <st1:PlaceName>Research</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType>Center</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>,    MIT, 1978. Working Paper OR-078-78.</p>     <p align="justify">F. Glover, G. Gutin, A. Yeo, and A. Zverovich. Construction    heuristics for the asymmetric TSP. European Journal of Operational Research,    129:555-568, 2001.</p>     <p align="justify">L. Gouveia and J. M. Pires. Uma análise comparativa de formulações    para o problema do caixeiro viajante assimétrico. Investigação Operacional,    16:89-114, 1996.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify">L. Gouveia and J. M. Pires. The asymmetric travelling salesman    problem and a reformulation of the miller-tucker-zemlin constraints. European    Journal of Operational Research, 112(1):134-146, 1999.</p>     <p align="justify">L. Gouveia and J. M. Pires. The asymmetric travelling salesman    problem: on generalizations of disaggregated Miller-Tucker-Zemlin constraints.    Discrete Applied Mathematics, 112(1-3):12-145, 2001.</p>     <p align="justify">G. Gutin and A.P. Punnen, editors. The traveling salesman problem    and its variations, volume 12 of Combinatorial Optimization. Kluwer Academic    Publishers, <st1:City><st1:place>Dordrecht</st1:place></st1:City>, 2002.</p>     <p align="justify">M. Held and R. M. Karp. The traveling-salesman problem and    minimum spanning trees. Operations Research, 18:1138-1162, 1970.</p>     <p align="justify">M. Held and R. M. Karp. The traveling-salesman problem and    minimum spanning trees: Part II. Mathematical Programming, 1:6-25, 1971.</p>     <p align="justify">M. Held, P. Wolfe, and H. P. Crowder. Validation of subgradient    optimization. Mathematical Programming, 6:62-68, 1974.</p>     <p align="justify">K. Helsgaun. An effective implementation of the Lin-Kernighan    traveling salesman problem. European Journal of Operations Research, 126:106-130,    2000. Code available at <a href="http://www.akira.ruc.dk/%7Ekeld/research/LKH/LKH-1.2/DOC/LKH_REPORT.pdf" target="_blank">   http://www.akira.ruc.dk/~keld/research/LKH/LKH-1.2/DOC/LKH_REPORT.pdf</a>.</p>     <p align="justify">C. Hurwitz and R. Craig. GNU Tsp_solve. Version 1.3.8, 1994.    Available at <a href="http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/%7Ealgorith/implement/tsp/distrib/tsp_solve/" target="_blank">http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~algorith/implement/tsp/distrib/tsp_solve/</a>.</p>     <p align="justify">D. Johnson and C. Papadimitriou. Performance guarantees for    heuristics. In E. Lawler, J. Lenstra, A. R. Kan, and D. Shmoys, editors, The    Traveling Salesman Problem: A Guided Tour of Combinatorial Optimization, pages    145-180. John Wiley &amp; Sons, <st1:place>Chichester</st1:place>, 1985. A.    M. Rocha, E. M. G. P. Fernandes, J. Soares / Investigação Operacional, 25 (2005)    1-1919</p>     <p align="justify">D. Jonhson, L. McGeoch, F. Glover, and C. Rego. Website for    the DIMACS implementation challenge on the traveling salesman problem. <a href="http://dimacs.rutgers.edu/Workshops/CAARMS/registration.html" target="_blank">http://www.research.att.com/~dsj/chtsp</a>.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify">R. Karp and J. Steele. Probabilistic analysis of heuristics.    In E. Lawler, J. Lenstra, A. R. Kan, and D. B. Shmoys, editors, The Traveling    Salesman Problem: A Guided Tour of Combinatorial Optimization, pages 181-205.    John Wiley &amp; Sons, <st1:place>Chichester</st1:place>, 1985.</p>     <p align="justify">A. Langevin, F. Soumis, and J. Desrosiers. Classification of    travelling salesman problem formulations. Operations Research Letters, 9:127-132,    1990.</p>     <p align="justify">E. L. Lawler, J. K. Lenstra, A. H. G. Rinnooy <st1:State><st1:place>Kan</st1:place></st1:State>,    and D. B. Shmoys, editors. The traveling salesman problem. Wiley-Interscience    Series in Discrete Mathematics and Optimization. John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.,    <st1:place>Chichester</st1:place>, 1990. A guided tour of combinatorial optimization,    Reprint of the 1985 original, A Wiley-Interscience Publication.</p>     <p align="justify">S. Lin and B. W. Kernighan. An effective heuristic algorithm    for the traveling salesman problem. Operations Research, 21:498-516, 1973.</p>     <p align="justify">C. Miller, A. Tucker, and R. Zemlin. Integer programming formulation    of traveling salesman problems. Journal of ACM, 7:326-329, 1960.</p>     <p align="justify">M. Padberg and T. Sung. An analytical comparison of different    formulations of the travelling salesman problem. Mathematical Programming, 52:315-357,    1991.</p>     <p align="justify">J. M. O. Pires. Formulações para o problema do caixeiro viajante    assimétrico e sua aplicação a um problema de desenho de redes com topologia    em forma de anel. PhD thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Setembro 2001.</p>     <p align="justify">G. Reinelt. TSPLIB - a traveling salesman problem library.    ORSA Journal on Computing, 3:376-384, 1991. Available at <a href="http://www.iwr.uni-heidelberg.de/groups/comopt/software/TSPLIB95/" target="_blank">http://www.iwr.uniheidelberg.    de/groups/comopt/software/TSPL IB95</a>.</p>     <p align="justify">R. Wong. Integer programming formulations of the travelling    salesman problem. pages 149-152. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference    of Circuits and Computers, 1980. </p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify">* Jo&atilde;o Soares acknowledges partial financial support    from Funda&ccedil;&atilde;o para a Ci&ecirc;ncia e Tecnologia (Projecto POCTI/MAT/14243/1998).</p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>         ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anbil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forrest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulleyblank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Column generation and the airline crew pairing problem.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Documenta Mathematica]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>ICM III</volume>
<page-range>677-686</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
