Influência do suporte social e do coping sobre a percepção subjectiva de bem-estar em mulheres submetidas a cirurgia cardíaca

Manuela Coelho & J. Ribeiro

Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto

Resumo: O objectivo da presente investigação é verificar o impacto do suporte social e estratégias de coping¹ sobre a percepção subjectiva de bem-estar, numa amostra sequencial de 35 sujeitos do sexo feminino, doentes cardíacos e com idades compreendidas entre os 41 e 77 anos, previamente submetidos a intervenção cirúrgica. A avaliação realizou-se decorridas 48 a 96 horas após a operação, em contexto de enfermaria. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social, que inclui quatro sub-escalas (satisfação com amizades, intimidade, satisfação com a família e actividades sociais); Escala de Coping com Problemas de Saúde, onde são igualmente integradas quatro subescalas (Coping Paliativo, Instrumental, Distracção e Preocupação Emocional); por último, um item de avaliação do Bem-estar. Os resultados demonstram que as dimensões de coping “distracção” e “instrumental” se relacionam positivamente com o bem-estar, ao contrário da “preocupação emocional”, que apresenta uma correlação negativa, a nível estatisticamente significativo (p<0,0001); quanto às dimensões “Satisfação com a Família”, “Satisfação com Amizades” e “Intimidade” também se verifica uma correlação positiva, estatisticamente significativa (p<0,0001), com o valor global de bem-estar.

Palavras chave: Suporte social, Coping com problemas de saúde, Bem-estar, Cirurgia cardíaca.

Abstract: The aims of this study is to verify the impact of social support and coping strategies on subjective perception of well-being in a sequential sample of35 females (ages between 41-77 years), submitted to heart surgery for valvular substitution. The participants completed the questionnaires 48-96 hours post surgery. Instruments used include the Satisfaction With Social Support (with four dimensions: satisfaction with friendship, satisfaction with family, intimacy, social activities), Coping With Health Problems (with four coping dimensions: palliative, distractive, instrumental, emotional preoccupation), and subjective well being evaluated with an analogue visual scale. Results shows that two coping dimensions (instrumental and distractive) have a statistically significant positive correlation (p<.0001) with subjective well being, and another coping dimension, emotional preoccupation exhibit a statistically significant negative correlation (p<.0001) with subjective well being. Social support dimensions (satisfaction with family, satisfaction with friendship, and intimacy) shows a statistically significant positive correlation with subjective well being.

Key words: Social support, Coping with health problems, Well-being, Heart surgery.

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