<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1645-0086</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Psic., Saúde & Doenças]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1645-0086</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Psicologia da Saúde]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1645-00862006000100010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Auto-estima e comportamentos de saúde e de risco no adolescente: efeitos diferenciais em alunos do 7º ao 10º ano]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Self-esteem, health perceptions and risk behaviours during adolescence: differential effects from 7th to 10th grade]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raimundo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Vila Real (ESEnfVR)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,UTAD - Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escola Secundária Camilo Castelo Branco  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Vila Real ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>117</fpage>
<lpage>123</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1645-00862006000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1645-00862006000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1645-00862006000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[A auto-estima tem sido estudada pela sua importância para o ajustamento psicológico e social e para o desenvolvimento saudável durante a adolescência. Os objectivos deste estudo foram: (a) observar as diferenças de género na auto-estima dos 12 aos 16 anos; (b) observar os efeitos de comportamentos menos saudáveis, como o hábito de fumar e beber na auto-estima e (c) observar o efeito das percepções de saúde em geral e das dificuldades de aprendizagem na auto-estima. Os participantes foram 645 estudantes frequentando do 7º ao 10º ano numa escola secundária de uma cidade do Nordeste de Portugal. Os resultados revelaram que as raparigas apresentam mais baixa auto-estima do que os rapazes mas só a partir dos 14 anos, idade em que os valores médios da auto-estima sofrem uma quebra significativa. Não foram encontradas diferenças de auto-estima devidas ao consumo de tabaco ou álcool. Os participantes do 10º ano que afirmaram ter problemas de saúde mostraram mais baixa auto-estima e, em todos os anos de escolaridade, aqueles que revelaram ter dificuldades de aprendizagem, apresentaram mais baixa auto-estima.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Self-esteem is an important construct, related to adolescents’ healthy development and psychological and social adjustment. The aims of this study were: (a) to observe gender differences in self-esteem from 12 to 16 years old; (b) to observe the effects of unhealthy behaviours, such as to smoke and to drink on self-esteem and (c) to observe the effect of the perceptions of general health and learning difficulties on self-esteem. The participants were 645 students attending 7th to 10th grade in a high school of a North-East city from Portugal. The results revealed that girls had significant lower self-esteem than boys but only after 14 years old, when the average values of self-esteem fall down. No differences were found in self-esteem due to alcohol or smoke habits. Participants attending 10th grade who revealed to have health problems showed lower self-esteem and those who revealed to have learning difficulties also showed lower self-esteem, independently of grade level?]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Adolescência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Auto-estima]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Dificuldades de aprendizagem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Percepção de saúde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Adolescence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Health perception]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Learning difficulties]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Self-esteem]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <P align="center"    ><b>Auto-estima e comportamentos de sa&uacute;de e de risco no adolescente: efeitos    diferenciais em alunos do 7&ordm; ao 10&ordm; ano</b></P >     <p align="center">C. Antunes<a name="top3"></a><Sup><a href="#3">*</a>1</Sup>,    M.C. Sousa<Sup>1</Sup>, A. Carvalho<Sup>1</Sup>,    M. Costa<Sup>1</Sup>, F. Raimundo<Sup>1</Sup>,    E. Lemos<Sup>1</Sup>, F. Cardoso<Sup>1</Sup>,    F. Gomes<Sup>2</Sup>, D. Alhais<Sup>2</Sup>,    A. Rocha<Sup>2</Sup>, &amp; A. Andrade<Sup>2   </Sup></p >     <P align="center"    ><Sup>1</Sup>Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Vila Real (ESEnfVR)    &ndash; UTAD</P >     <P align="center"    > <Sup>2</Sup>Escola Secund&aacute;ria Camilo Castelo Branco    &ndash; Vila Real </P >     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p >     <P    >&nbsp;</P >     <P    > <b>Resumo</b>: A auto-estima tem sido estudada pela sua import&acirc;ncia para o ajustamento    psicol&oacute;gico e social e para o desenvolvimento saud&aacute;vel durante    a adolesc&ecirc;ncia. Os objectivos deste estudo foram: (a) observar as diferen&ccedil;as    de g&eacute;nero na auto-estima dos 12 aos 16 anos; (b) observar os efeitos    de comportamentos menos saud&aacute;veis, como o h&aacute;bito de fumar e beber    na auto-estima e (c) observar o efeito das percep&ccedil;&otilde;es de sa&uacute;de    em geral e das dificuldades de aprendizagem na auto-estima. Os participantes    foram 645 estudantes frequentando do 7&ordm; ao 10&ordm; ano numa escola secund&aacute;ria    de uma cidade do Nordeste de Portugal. Os resultados revelaram que as raparigas    apresentam mais baixa auto-estima do que os rapazes mas s&oacute; a partir dos    14 anos, idade em que os valores m&eacute;dios da auto-estima sofrem uma quebra    significativa. N&atilde;o foram encontradas diferen&ccedil;as de auto-estima    devidas ao consumo de tabaco ou &aacute;lcool. Os participantes do 10&ordm;    ano que afirmaram ter problemas de sa&uacute;de mostraram mais baixa auto-estima    e, em todos os anos de escolaridade, aqueles que revelaram ter dificuldades    de aprendizagem, apresentaram mais baixa auto-estima. </P >     <P    ><I>Palavras chave</I>: Adolesc&ecirc;ncia, Auto-estima, Dificuldades de aprendizagem,    Percep&ccedil;&atilde;o de sa&uacute;de. </P >     <P    >&nbsp;</P >     <p align="center"    ><b>Self-esteem, health perceptions and risk behaviours during adolescence: differential    effects from 7th to 10th grade</b></p >     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P    ><b>Abstract</b>: Self-esteem is an important construct, related to adolescents&rsquo;    healthy development and psychological and social adjustment. The aims of this    study were: (a) to observe gender differences in self-esteem from 12 to 16 years    old; (b) to observe the effects of unhealthy behaviours, such as to smoke and    to drink on self-esteem and (c) to observe the effect of the perceptions of    general health and learning difficulties on self-esteem. The participants were    645 students attending 7th to 10th grade in a high school of a North-East city    from Portugal. The results revealed that girls had significant lower self-esteem    than boys but only after 14 years old, when the average values of self-esteem    fall down. No differences were found in self-esteem due to alcohol or smoke    habits. Participants attending 10th grade who revealed to have health problems    showed lower self-esteem and those who revealed to have learning difficulties    also showed lower self-esteem, independently of grade level? </P >     <P    ><I>Key words: </I>Adolescence, Health perception, Learning difficulties, Self-esteem. </P >     <P    >&nbsp;</P >     <P    >&nbsp;</P >     <P    >Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</P >     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <P    >&nbsp;</P >     <P    >&nbsp;</P >     <P    ><b>Referências</b></P >    <!-- ref --><P    >Baumeister, R.F., Campbell, J.D., Krueger, J.I., &amp; Vohs, K.D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? <I>Psychological Science in the Public Interest</I>, <I>4</I>, 1-44. </P >    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000022&pid=S1645-0086200600010001000001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><P    >Bolognini, M., Placherel, B., Bettschart, W., &amp; Halfon, O. (1996). Self-esteem and mental health in early adolescence: Development and gender differences. <I>Journal of Adolescence</I>, <I>19</I>(3), 233-245. </P >    <P    >Byrne, B.M. (1996). Academic self-concept: Its structure, measurement, and relation to academic achievement. In B.A. Bracken (Ed.), <I>Handbook of self-concept </I>(pp. 287-316). New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons. </P >    <P    >Covington, M.V. (1984). The self-worth theory of achievement motivation: Findings and implications. <I>The Elementary School Journal</I>, <I>85</I>, 5-20. </P >    <P    >Covington, M.V. (2001). Self-worth theory goes to college, or do our motivation theories motivate? In D.M. McInerney &amp; S. van Etten (Eds.), <I>Big theories revisited </I>(pp. 91-114). Greenwich: Information Age Publishing. </P >    <P    >Faria, L., &amp; Fontaine, A.M. (1990). Avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o do conceito de si pr&oacute;prio de adolescentes: Adapta&ccedil;&atilde;o do SDQ I de Marsh &agrave; popula&ccedil;&atilde;o portuguesa. <I>Cadernos de Consulta Psicol&oacute;gica</I>, <I>6</I>, 97-106. </P >    <P    >Freitas, C.F.A. (2003). <I>A auto-estima e os consumos de &aacute;lcool e tabaco em adolescentes escolarizados</I>. Universidade de Tr&aacute;s-os-Montes e Alto Douro: Disserta&ccedil;&atilde;o de Mestrado em Promo&ccedil;&atilde;o/Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o para a Sa&uacute;de. </P >    <P    >Gable, R., &amp; Wolf, M. (1993). <I>Instrument development in the affective domain: Measuring attitudes and values in corporate and school settings</I>. Massachussets: Kluwer Academic Publishers. </P >    <P    >Harter, S. (1999). The <I>construction of the self: A developmental perspective</I>. New York: The Guilford Press. </P >    <P    >Kling, K.C., Hyde, J. S.,Showers, C.J., &amp; Buswell, B.N. (1999). Gender differences in self-esteem: A meta-analysis. <I>Psychological Bulletin</I>, <I>125</I>, 470-500. </P >    <P    >Marsh, H.W. (1988). <I>Self-Description Questionnaire, I: A theoretical and empirical basis for the measurement of multiple dimensions of preadolescent self-concept: A test manual and a research monograph</I>. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. </P >    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P    >Moore, S., Laflin, M., &amp; Weis, D. (1996). The role of cultural norms in the self-esteem and drug use relationship. <I>Adolescenc</I>e, <I>31</I>(123), 523-542. </P >    <P    >Pereira, M.C. (1998). <I>Tabaco, &aacute;lcool e depress&atilde;o em adolescentes de Vila Real</I>. Universidade do Porto: Disserta&ccedil;&atilde;o de mestrado em Sa&uacute;de P&uacute;blica. </P >    <P    >Robinson, W.P. (1990). Academic achievement and self-esteem in secondary school: Muddles, myths and reality. <I>Education Research and Perspectives</I>, <I>1</I>, 3-21. </P >    <P    >Robinson, W.P. &amp; Tayler, C.A. (1986). Auto-estima, desinteresse e insucesso escolar em alunos da escola secund&aacute;ria. <I>An&aacute;lise Psicol&oacute;gica</I>, <I>1</I>, 105-113 </P >     <P    >Trzesniewski, K.H., Donnellan, M.B., &amp; Robins, R.W. (2003). Stability of    self-esteem across life span. <I>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</I>,    <I>84</I>, 205-220. </P >     <P    >&nbsp;</P >     <P    >&nbsp;</P >     <P    ><a name="3"></a><a href="#top3">*</a> Contactar para E-mail: <a href="mailto:antunes_cristina@portugalmail.pt">antunes_cristina@portugalmail.pt</a>  </P >     <P    >&nbsp; </P >     <P align="right"    >Recebido em 26 de Novembro de 2005 / aceite em 4 de Janeiro de 2005 </P >     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P    ></P >     <P    >&nbsp; </P >      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumeister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krueger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vohs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychological Science in the Public Interest]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>1-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
