<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1645-0086</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Psic., Saúde & Doenças]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1645-0086</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Psicologia da Saúde]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1645-00862007000100011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Stress e suporte social em familiares de pessoas com paralisia cerebral]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Stress and social support in caregivers of individuals with cerebral palsy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Telma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampaio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Fernando Pessoa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>145</fpage>
<lpage>151</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1645-00862007000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1645-00862007000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1645-00862007000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O presente trabalho pretende estudar as percepções de stress e do suporte social em familiares cuidadores de indivíduos com paralisia cerebral. Utilizou-se uma amostra não probabilística constituída por 25 familiares cuidadores (mães, pais e outros), adultos de ambos os géneros (16 mulheres e 8 homens), com idades entre os 19 e os 81 anos. Os indivíduos com paralisia cerebral constituem um grupo de 25 sujeitos com idades entre os 16 e os 49 anos, (8 mulheres e 17 homens), que vivem em casa com familiares e frequentam um centro de dia especializado, a APPC da cidade do Porto. Os participantes responderam à Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social - ESSS (Pais-Ribeiro, 1999) e à escala aferida à população portuguesa (Silva, Pais-Ribeiro, Cardoso, & Ramos, 2003) da da Life Experiences Survey - LES (Sarason, Johnson, & Siegel, 1978). Os resultados evidenciam a existência de uma correlação negativa moderada (r=-0,58; p=0,002) entre o suporte social e o stress dos familiares de pessoas com paralisia cerebral. Observou-se que o suporte social percepcionado pelos familiares cuidadores varia em função da sua idade (sub-escala "Intimidade", p=0,04), em função da idade da pessoas com paralisia cerebral (sub-escala "Intimidade", p=0,01) e em função do nível de autonomia da pessoa com paralisia cerebral (sub-escala "Actividades Sociais", p=0,04). Estes dados vêm reforçar a importância do apoio social na diminuição dos níveis de stress das famílias de pessoas com paralisia cerebral.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This work analyses families of individuals affected with cerebral palsy and their perceptions of stress and social support. Twenty-five relatives (mothers, parents, and other, 16 females, 8 males), aged 19 through 81, participated in this study. The individuals with cerebral palsy (16 female, 8 male), have ages between 16 and 49 years, live at home with one or more caregivers (mostly parents) and attend a specialized day center in the city of Oporto, Portugal. Caregivers answered a Social Support Satisfaction Scale (Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social, Pais-Ribeiro, 1999) and a portuguese version (Silva, Pais-Ribeiro, Cardoso, & Ramos, 2003) of the Life Experiences Survey (Sarason, Johnson, & Siegel, 1978). Results show an inverse moderate correlation (r=-0,58 p=0.002) between perceived social support and stress, as well as significant differences (p=0,04) in level of social support according to caregivers’ age, patients’ age (p=0,01), and patients’ level of autonomy (p=0,04). These results reinforce the importance of social support in reducing the stress of families of handicapped individuals.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ESSS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Familiares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[LES]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Paralisia cerebral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Stress]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Suporte social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cerebral palsy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ESSS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Familiar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[LES]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social support]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Stress]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  <HTML> <HEAD>  </HEAD>     <div align="center"><b>Stress e suporte social em familiares de pessoas com paralisia    cerebral</b> </div>     <P   align="center" >Telma Almeida<Sup><a href="#1">*</a><a name="top1"></a> </Sup>&amp; F.M. Sampaio</P >     <P   align="center" >Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto</P >     <P   align="center" >&nbsp;</P >     <P   align="justify" ><b>RESUMO</b>: O presente trabalho pretende estudar as percep&ccedil;&otilde;es    de stress e do suporte social em familiares cuidadores de indiv&iacute;duos    com paralisia cerebral. Utilizou-se uma amostra n&atilde;o probabil&iacute;stica    constitu&iacute;da por 25 familiares cuidadores (m&atilde;es, pais e outros),    adultos de ambos os g&eacute;neros (16 mulheres e 8 homens), com idades entre    os 19 e os 81 anos. Os indiv&iacute;duos com paralisia cerebral constituem um    grupo de 25 sujeitos com idades entre os 16 e os 49 anos, (8 mulheres e 17 homens),    que vivem em casa com familiares e frequentam um centro de dia especializado,    a APPC da cidade do Porto. Os participantes responderam &agrave; <I>Escala de    Satisfa&ccedil;&atilde;o com o Suporte Social </I>&ndash; ESSS (Pais-Ribeiro,    1999) e &agrave; escala aferida &agrave; popula&ccedil;&atilde;o portuguesa    (Silva, Pais-Ribeiro, Cardoso, &amp; Ramos, 2003) da da <I>Life Experiences    Survey </I>&ndash; LES (Sarason, Johnson, &amp; Siegel, 1978). Os resultados    evidenciam a exist&ecirc;ncia de uma correla&ccedil;&atilde;o negativa moderada    (<I>r</I>=-0,58; <I>p</I>=0,002) entre o suporte social e o stress dos familiares    de pessoas com paralisia cerebral. Observou-se que o suporte social percepcionado    pelos familiares cuidadores varia em fun&ccedil;&atilde;o da sua idade (sub-escala    &ldquo;Intimidade&rdquo;, <I>p</I>=0,04), em fun&ccedil;&atilde;o da idade da    pessoas com paralisia cerebral (sub-escala &ldquo;Intimidade&rdquo;, <I>p</I>=0,01)    e em fun&ccedil;&atilde;o do n&iacute;vel de autonomia da pessoa com paralisia    cerebral (sub-escala &ldquo;Actividades Sociais&rdquo;, <I>p</I>=0,04). Estes    dados v&ecirc;m refor&ccedil;ar a import&acirc;ncia do apoio social na diminui&ccedil;&atilde;o    dos n&iacute;veis de stress das fam&iacute;lias de pessoas com paralisia cerebral.  </P >     <P   align="justify" ><I>Palavras chave</I>: ESSS, Familiares, LES, Paralisia cerebral, Stress, Suporte    social</P >     <P   align="justify" >&nbsp;</P >     <P   align="justify" >&nbsp;</P >     <p   align="center" ><b>Stress and social support in caregivers of individuals with cerebral    palsy</b></p >     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" ><b>ABSTRACT</b>: This work analyses families of individuals affected    with cerebral palsy and their perceptions of stress and social support. Twenty-five    relatives (mothers, parents, and other, 16 females, 8 males), aged 19 through    81, participated in this study. The individuals with cerebral palsy (16 female,    8 male), have ages between 16 and 49 years, live at home with one or more caregivers    (mostly parents) and attend a specialized day center in the city of Oporto,    Portugal. Caregivers answered a <I>Social Support Satisfaction Scale </I>(Escala    de Satisfa&ccedil;&atilde;o com o Suporte Social, Pais-Ribeiro, 1999) and a    portuguese version (Silva, Pais-Ribeiro, Cardoso, &amp; Ramos, 2003) of the    <I>Life Experiences Survey </I>(Sarason, Johnson, &amp; Siegel, 1978). Results    show an inverse moderate correlation (<I>r</I>=-0,58 <I>p</I>=0.002) between    perceived social support and stress, as well as significant differences (<I>p</I>=0,04)    in level of social support according to caregivers&rsquo; age, patients&rsquo;    age (<I>p</I>=0,01), and patients&rsquo; level of autonomy (<I>p</I>=0,04).    These results reinforce the importance of social support in reducing the stress    of families of handicapped individuals. </P >     <P   align="justify" ><I>Key words: </I>Cerebral palsy, ESSS, Familiar, LES, Social support, Stress</P >     <P   align="justify" >&nbsp;</P >     <P >Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</P >     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <P   align="" >&nbsp;</P >     <P   align="center" >Refer&ecirc;ncias</P >         <!-- ref --><P   align="justify" >Andrada, M.G. (1986). Cerebral Palsy: Issues in incidence, early detection and habilitation in Portugal. In K. Marfo, S. Walkek, &amp; B. Charles (Eds.), <I>Childhood disability in developing countries: Issues in habilitation and special education</I>. New York: Praeger Publishers. </P >    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000020&pid=S1645-0086200700010001100001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><P   align="justify" >Associa&ccedil;&atilde;o Portuguesa de Paralisia Cerebral (2004). <I>A crian&ccedil;a com paralisia cerebral: Guia para pais e profissionais de sa&uacute;de e educa&ccedil;&atilde;o</I>. Lisboa: APPC. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Beazlley, S., &amp; Moore, M. (1995). <I>Deaf children, their families and professionals: Dismantling barriers</I>. London: David Culton. </P >    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" >Cohen, S., &amp; Wills, T.A. (1985). Stress, social support and the buffering hypothesis. <I>Psychological Bulletin, 98</I>(2), 310-357. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Cohen, S. Underwood, S., &amp; Gottlielo, B. (2000). <I>Social support measures and intervention</I>. New York: Oxford University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Cox, T. (1978). <I>Stress</I>. Baltimore: University Park Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Folkman, S. (1984). Personal control and stress and coping processes: A theorical analysis. <I>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46</I>(4), 839-852. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Lazarus, R.S., &amp; Folkman, S. (1984). <I>Stress, appraisal and coping</I>. New York: Springer Publishing Company. </P >          <P   align="justify" >Lu&iacute;s, I.S. (1998). Stress: N&atilde;o mata mas m&oacute;i. <I>Revista    Pessoal, 81</I>, 4-19. </P >         <P   align="justify" >Dunst, C.J., Trivette, C.M., &amp; Deal, A.G. (1988). <I>Enabling and empowering families: Principles and guidelines for practice</I>. Cambridge: Brookline Books. </P >     <P   align="justify" >Mindel. E.D., &amp; Feldman, V. (1987). The impact of deaf children of their    families. In E.D. Mindel &amp; M. Vernon (Eds.), <I>The growth in silence: Understanding    deaf children and adults </I>(pp. 1-29). Austin: Pro-Ed. </P >     <P   align="" >Moores, D.F., &amp; Meadow-Orlans, K.P. (2002). <I>Educational and developmental    aspects of deafness</I>. Washington: Gallaudet University Press. </P >     <P   align="" >Pais-Ribeiro, J.L. (1999). Escala de satisfa&ccedil;&atilde;o com o suporte social    (ESSS). <I>An&aacute;lise Psicol&oacute;gica, 3</I>(17), 547-558. </P >     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" >Pierce, G.R., Sarason, I.G., &amp; Sarason, B.R. (1996). Coping and social support. In M. Zeidner &amp; N.S. Endler (Eds.), <I>Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications </I>(pp. 434-451). New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Pinhal, A., Ricou, M., Antunes, A., &amp; Nunes, R. (1998). Adapta&ccedil;&atilde;o familiar &agrave; crian&ccedil;a deficiente auditiva. In R. Nunes (Ed.), <I>Controv&eacute;rsias na reabilita&ccedil;&atilde;o da crian&ccedil;a surda </I>(pp. 171188). Porto: Funda&ccedil;&atilde;o Engenheiro Ant&oacute;nio de Almeida. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Ribeiro, P.J.L. (1999). Escala de satisfa&ccedil;&atilde;o com o suporte social (ESSS). <I>An&aacute;lise Psicol&oacute;gica, 3</I>(17), 547-558. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Sarason, G.R., Sarason, B.R., &amp; Pierce, G.R. (1990). <I>Social support: An international view</I>. New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Sarason, I.G., Johnson, J.H., &amp; Siegel, J.M. (1978). Assessing the impact of life changes: Development of the life experiences survey. <I>Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46</I>(5), 932-946. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Shapiro, J., Blacher, J., &amp; Lopez, S.R. (1998). Maternal reactions to children with mental retardation. In J.A., Burack, R.M., Hodapp, &amp; E., Zigler (Eds.), <I>Handbook of mental retardation and development </I>(pp. 606-625). New York: Cambridge University Press. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Silva, I., Pais-Ribeiro, J., Cardoso, H., &amp; Ramos, H. (2003). Contributo para a adapta&ccedil;&atilde;o da Life Experiences Survey (LES) &agrave; popula&ccedil;&atilde;o diab&eacute;tica portuguesa. <I>Revista Portuguesa de Sa&uacute;de P&uacute;blica, 21</I>(2), 49-60. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Stoneman, Z. (1997). Mental retardation and family adaptation. In E.M. William (Ed.), <I>Elli&rsquo;s Handbook of mental deficiency: Psychological theory and research </I>(3rd ed., pp. 405-426). New Jersey: Lawrence Ealbaum. </P >     <P   >Taylor, S.E. (1995). <I>Health psychology </I>(3rd ed.). Los Angeles: McGraw-Hill.Vaux,    A. (1988). <I>Social support: Theory, research and intervention</I>. New York:    Praeger.</P >     <P   >Wills, T.A., &amp; Fegan, MF. (2001). Social networks and social support. In    A. Baum, T.A. Revenson, &amp; J.E. Singer (Eds.), <I>Handbook of health psychology    </I>(pp. 209-234). New Jersey: LEA. </P >         ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" >&nbsp;</P >          <P   align="" ><a href="#top1">*</a><a name="1"></a>Contactar para E-mail: <a href="mailto:telma.c.almeida@gmail.com">telma.c.almeida@gmail.com</a>  </P >         <P   align="" ></P >         <P   align="right" >Recebido em 15 de Julho de 2006 / aceite em 12 de Dezembro de 2006 </P >       </body> </HTML>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cerebral Palsy: Issues in incidence, early detection and habilitation in Portugal]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marfo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walkek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Childhood disability in developing countries: Issues in habilitation and special education]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Praeger Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
