0,05). Em conclusão, os atletas brasileiros homens e mulheres de alto-rendimento, de uma maneira geral, apresentam diferenças nas características da personalidade. No entanto, quando os subgrupos foram separados e analisados de acordo com sua modalidade, não se observou uma quantidade significativa de diferenças entre atletas dos sexos masculino e feminino. As variáveis tempo de treinamento e nível de performance apresentaram correlações fracas com as variáveis de personalidade, porém sugere-se a realização de futuros estudos para aprofundar este tema.]]>
0,05). In conclusion: Men and women Brazilian high-level athletes, in general, presented differences in the personality characteristics. However, when divided and analyzed by their sports, it was not observed a significant difference between athletes from both sexes. Training years and performance level presented weak correlation when with the personality factors, but we suggest that more studies must be done to improve this topic.]]>
Maurício B. Filho1*
Luiz S. Ribeiro2
1 Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil.
2 Infoteste do Brasil.
3 Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Espanha.
]]>
RESUMO
Foi objetivo deste estudo avaliar as características da personalidade de atletas brasileiros de alto-rendimento, comparando as semelhanças e diferenças existentes entre indivíduos de ambos os sexos, assim como estabelecer correlações entre as variáveis psicológicas, níveis de performance e tempo de treinamento dos atletas. A amostra se constituiu de duzentos e nove atletas brasileiros (108 homens e 101 mulheres) de quatro modalidades esportivas (voleibol, basquete, judô e natação). Como instrumento para o estudo da personalidade, utilizou-se o Inventário de Personalidade de Freiburg (FPI-R). Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre atletas homens e mulheres (p<0,05) em seis das doze variáveis do estudo: auto-realização, agressividade, inibição, irritabilidade, queixas físicas e emotividade. No entanto, esse comportamento não se repetiu quando a amostra foi subdividida por modalidades esportivas. As correlações encontradas entre as variáveis psicológicas do estudo e o tempo de treinamento (-0,234 < r < 0,034) e o nível de performance (-0,202< r < 0,043) dos atletas não foram estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05). Em conclusão, os atletas brasileiros homens e mulheres de alto-rendimento, de uma maneira geral, apresentam diferenças nas características da personalidade. No entanto, quando os subgrupos foram separados e analisados de acordo com sua modalidade, não se observou uma quantidade significativa de diferenças entre atletas dos sexos masculino e feminino. As variáveis tempo de treinamento e nível de performance apresentaram correlações fracas com as variáveis de personalidade, porém sugere-se a realização de futuros estudos para aprofundar este tema.
Palavras-chave: personalidade, atletas brasileiros, gênero, performance, tempo de treinamento, FPI.
ABSTRACT
Personality of Brazilian high-level athletes: comparison between men and women and correlation with performance level and training years.
This study aimed at (i) evaluating the personality characteristics of Brazilian high-level athletes, verifying similarities and differences among individuals from both gender and (ii) correlating psychological variables with performance level and training years. We sampled two hundred and nine athletes (108 men and 101 women) from four sports (volleyball, basketball, judo and swimming). The FPI-R (Freiburg Personality Inventory) was used to evaluate personality characteristics of the subjects. Statistical significant differences (p<0,05) were found between Brazilian high-level male and female athletes in six out of twelve study variables: Life Satisfaction, Aggressiveness, Inhibition, Irritability, Physical Complaints and Emotionality. However, this tendency was not found when the sample was divided by the respective sports. The correlation found among the psychological variables and athletes training years (-0,234 < r < 0,034) and performance level (-0,202< r < 0,043) was not statistically significant (p>0,05). In conclusion: Men and women Brazilian high-level athletes, in general, presented differences in the personality characteristics. However, when divided and analyzed by their sports, it was not observed a significant difference between athletes from both sexes. Training years and performance level presented weak correlation when with the personality factors, but we suggest that more studies must be done to improve this topic.
Key Words: personality, Brazilian athletes, gender, performance, training years, FPI.
]]>
Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.
Full text only available in PDF format.
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
1- Anshel MH, Eom HJ (2003). Exploring the dimensions of perfectionism in sport. Int J Sport Psychol 34(3): 255-271. [ Links ]
2- Auweele YV, Nys K, Rzewnicki, R, Mele V (2001). Personality and athlete. In: R. Singer R, HA Haussenblas, CM Janelle (Org). Handbook of Sport Psychology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 239-268. [ Links ]
3- Bara Filho MG, Ribeiro LS, Guillén F (in press). La personalidad de deportistas brasileños de alto nivel: comparación entre diferentes modalidades deportivas. Cuad Psicol Deporte. [ Links ]
4- Cox RH (1994). Sport Psychology: concepts and applications. Dubuque: Brown & Benchmark. [ Links ]
5- Cox RH, Liu Z, Qiu Y (1996). Psychological skills of elite Chinese athletes. J Sport Psy 27: 123-132. [ Links ]
6- Cox RH, Liu Z (1993). Psychological skills: a cross cultural investigation. Int J Sport Psychol 24: 326-340. [ Links ]
7- Gould D, Dieffenbach K, Moffett A (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. J App Sport Psychol 14(3): 172-204. [ Links ]
8- Guillén F, Castro JJ (1994). Comparación de la personalidad en deportistas y no deportistas, utilizando como instrumento el EPQ-A de Eysenk. Rev Psicol Deporte 5: 5-14. [ Links ]
9- Hernandez-Ardieta IP, Lopez JC, Dolores M, Ruiz, EJG (2002).Personalidad, diferencias individuales y ejecución deportiva. In: AO Zafra, HJ Ruiz, GN Garcia (Coords). Manual de Psicología del Deporte. Murcia: DM, 105-123. [ Links ]
10- Isaac S, Michael WB (1993). Handbook in research and evaluation . San Diego: Edits. [ Links ]
11- Junge A, Dvorak J, Rosch D, Graf-Baumann T, Chomiak J, Peterson L (2000) Psychological and Sport-Specific Characteristics of Football Players. Am J Sports Med 28(5): S22-S28. [ Links ]
12- Kitsantas A, Zimmerman B (2002). Comparing self-regulatory processes among novice, non-expert, and expert volleyball players: A microanalytic study. J App Sport Psychol 14(2): 91-105. [ Links ]
13- Morris T (2000). Psychological characteristics and talent identification in soccer. J Sports Sci 18: 715-726. [ Links ]
14- O’Connor PJ (1996). Aspectos psicológicos del rendimiento de resistencia. In: RJ Shephard, PO Astrand (Org). La Resistencia en el deporte. Barcelona: Paidotribo, 149-156. [ Links ]
15- Pappalardo A, Festuccia E, Pesce C (2001). Differenze di genere nel profilo internazionale di atleti praticanti pallavolo. Movimento 17(3): 27-30. [ Links ]
16- Pedersen DM (1997). Perceived traits of male and female athletes. Percept Mot Skills 85: 547-550. [ Links ]
17- Peensgard AM (1999). The dynamics of motivation and perceptions of control when competing in the Olympic Games. Percept Mot Skills 89: 116-125. [ Links ]
18- Petterson TW, Wendt DT. (1974). Personality characteristics of women in intercollegiate competition. Percept Mot Skills 38: 861-862. [ Links ]
19- Raglin JS (2001). Psychological factors in sport performance: the mental health model revisited. Sports Med 31(12):875-890. [ Links ]
20- Rascle O, Coulomb G, Pfister R (1998). Aggression and goal orientation in handball: influence of institutional sport context. Percept Mot Skills 86: 1347-1360. [ Links ]
21- Reilly T, Williams AM, Nevill A (2000). A multidisciplinary approach to talent identification in soccer. J Sports Sci 18(9): 695-702. [ Links ]
22- Saint-Phard D, Van Dorsten B, Marx RG, York KA (1999). Self-perception in elite collegiate female gymnastics, cross-country runners and track-and-field athletes. Mayo Clin Proc 74: 770-74. [ Links ]
23- Samulski DM (2002). Psicologia do esporte: teoria e aplicação prática. Barueri: Manole. [ Links ]
24- Simpson S, Newby RW (1991). Personality profile of no scholarship college football players. Percept Mot Skills 73: 1083-1089. [ Links ]
25- Solomon GB (2001). Performance and personality impression cues as predictors of athletic performance: an extension of expectancy theory. Int J Sports Psychol 32(1): 88-100. [ Links ]
26- Thomas JR, Nelson JK (1996). Research Methods in Physical Activity. Champaign: Human Kinetics. [ Links ]
27- Vealey RS (1992) Personality and Sport: a comprehensive view. In: TS Horn (Ed). Advances in Sport Psychology. Champaign: Human Kinetics, 26-60. [ Links ]
28- Zapletalova L, Medekova H (2003). The relationship between children's personal traits, motor activity and motor performance. Gymnica 33(1):11-18. [ Links ]
29- Weinberg RS, Gould D (1995). Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Champaign: Human Kinetics. [ Links ]
30- Williams AM, Reilly T (2000). Talent identification in soccer. J Sports Sci 18: 657-667. [ Links ]
CORRESPONDÊNCIA
Maurício Gattás Bara Filho*
]]> Rua São Sebastião, 1295/901Juiz de Fora – MG
36015-410 Brasil
]]>