Sílvio Saranga1
José Maia2
Jorge Rocha3
Leonardo Nhantumbo1
1 Universidade Pedagógica, Faculdade de Ciências de Educação Física e Desporto, Maputo, Moçambique.
2 Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Desporto, Portugal.
]]> 3 Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Ciências e IPATIMUP, Portugal.4 Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Faculdade de Medicina, Maputo, Moçambique.
RESUMO
O desenvolvimento da investigação científica em torno do crescimento somático das populações tem-se justificado não só pela sua utilidade no âmbito da saúde pública e desenvolvimento humano, mas também pelo contributo que presta a diferentes domínios da ciência, como sejam a auxologia, a antropologia, a epidemiologia e a nutrição, entre outros. Por se encontrar associado aos estudos das populações afectadas por condições higiénico-nutricionais adversas, o continente africano encontra particular interesse no seu desenvolvimento e aplicação. A presente revisão da literatura, ao tentar estabelecer o estado do conhecimento actual, pretende auxiliar os pesquisadores de populações africanas em idade escolar. A partir da consulta de bases disponíveis, foram seleccionados todos os artigos que versassem estudos realizados em África, com sujeitos em idade escolar e referindo diferentes aspectos do seu crescimento somático. Os estudos revistos revelam uma preocupação centrada em torno do significado antropobiológico do crescimento infanto-juvenil, nomeadamente na influência das condições sócio-económicas no crescimento, sobretudo a partir de um enfoque diferencialista de meios e estratos sócio-económicos distintos. Um outro aspecto de relevo reside no uso generalizado de normas internacionais para avaliar-estimar o estado nutricional, bem como a validade dos pontos de corte usualmente utilizados. Finalmente, sugere-se abordagens mais amplas e diversificadas no entendimento da enorme variabilidade populacional. A epidemiologia genética, ou a genética de populações podem ser enfoques altamente promissores.
Palavras-chave: crescimento, crianças e jovens, África, saúde pública, epidemiologia.
ABSTRACT
Somatic Growth in African Children and Youth. Current Knowledge.
Scientific research in somatic growth has been justified by its utility in public health and human development as well as its major contribution to such fields as auxology, anthropology, epidemiology and nutrition. Since growth deficiencies are associated with adverse hygienic-nutritional conditions, the development and application of knowledge provided from auxology is increasing in Africa. The present literature review has been conducted in order to face the need of a systematisation of the few publications about growth in school aged populations of Africa. All the papers cited in available library databases which refer to studies within this framework of research with school aged African populations have been included. The study of the bio-anthropological meaning of child growth, namely the socio-economic influence, seems to be the main concern. Another issue is the interpretation and validity of using international norms and cut-offs to classify nutritional status. The review also suggests that, facing some of the methodological and substantive limitations of such research and the recent development within the broad field of genetics, new approaches will come out in the near future to solve some of the must relevant research problems.
]]> Key Words: growth, children and youth, Africa, public health, epidemiology.
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CORRESPONDÊNCIA
Sílvio Pedro José Saranga
Universidade Pedagógica
Faculdade de Ciências de Educação Física e Desporto
Caixa Postal 2107
Maputo, Moçambique
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