Caroline Luft
Alexandro Andrade
Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercício, Florianópolis, Brasil.
RESUMO
O eletroencefalograma (EEG) é o registro da atividade elétrica no córtex cerebral que corresponde ao fluxo de informações processado pelo córtex em suas atividades. O movimento envolve uma série de processos cognitivos específicos e a aprendizagem de um gesto passa por fases cognitivas que apresentam suas próprias características no encéfalo. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise dos estudos com EEG dentro da pesquisa em aprendizagem motora, suas aplicações e possibilidades de estudos empíricos, visando colaborar com o crescimento desta área na Educação Física. Os principais estudos revisados indicam que a aprendizagem motora provoca uma mudança na ativação cortical na área pré-motora e motora do cérebro, ou seja, existe um aumento da atividade alfa (lenta e rítmica entre 8-12 Hz) nessas áreas, indicando que o gesto foi automatizado. Desta forma, a aprendizagem está relacionada a um menor esforço e maior eficiência neural, principalmente, na área pré-motora, pois esta é responsável pelo planejamento motor. Concluiu-se que o EEG pode ser uma excelente alternativa de pesquisa em aprendizagem motora, enriquecendo ainda mais os estudos nesta área, pela investigação mais direta dos processos cognitivos fundamentais envolvidos na habilidade motora e no seu aprendizado.
Palavras-chave: eletroencefalograma, aprendizagem motora, movimento, córtex cerebral.
]]>ABSTRACT
EEG and Motor Learning Research.
The Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the record of the cortex electrical activity that corresponds to the flow of information processed by the cortex during its activities. Physical movement involves specific cognitive processes and motor learning goes through by different phases and shows different characteristics in encephalon. The purpose of this paper was to review studies using EEG within the field of Motor Learning research, its applications and empirical possibilities. The main articles reviewed in this study, point out that motor learning causes a change in the cortical activation in the pre-motor and motor areas, i. e., the alpha activity increases in these areas, indicating that the movement was learned. This way, motor learning is related to less effort and more neural efficiency mainly in the pre-motor cortex because this area is responsible for motor planning. Reviewing main results in empirical studies, we conclude that EEG may be an excellent tool in motor learning research, adding something more to this field studies by the direct investigation of the cognitive processes involved in motor ability and in its learning.
Key Words: electroencephalogram, motor learning, movement, brain cortex.
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]]> CORRESPONDÊNCIA
Alexandro Andrade
UDESC/CEFID
Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte e do Exercício
Rua Pascoal Simone n°358
Florianópolis SC
BRASIL
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