<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1645-0523</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Port. Cien. Desp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1645-0523</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1645-05232007000100006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O efeito da aplicação de ligaduras funcionais no padrão de marcha e controlo postural em crianças hemiplégicas espásticas por paralisia cerebral]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The ankle taping effects in gait and postural control in hemiplegic spastic children with cerebral palsy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angélica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Adília]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Desporto ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>48</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1645-05232007000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1645-05232007000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1645-05232007000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Este trabalho centra-se na análise da marcha em crianças hemiplégicas espásticas por paralisia cerebral. Na hemiplegia existem anomalias no padrão de marcha e no controlo postural. O uso de ligaduras funcionais (tapes) contribui como um meio de controlo do pé, para melhoria do padrão de marcha e da estabilidade postural. Os objectivos principais deste estudo prendem-se com a quantificação dos efeitos na marcha, em crianças hemiplégicas, da colocação de ligaduras funcionais (forças de reacção ao solo, actividade muscular e parâmetros cinemáticos) e na estabilidade postural, imediatamente após a primeira colocação dos tapes e decorridos três meses de uso continuado. Recorreu-se a uma amostra experimental composta por 7 crianças hemiplégicas de ambos os sexos e a um grupo controlo sem qualquer patologia. Para a análise da marcha utilizamos um sistema de vídeo 2D, plataforma de forças e aparelho de electromiografia. O estudo cingiu-se à análise da fase de apoio do ciclo de marcha e do membro inferior afectado. As principais conclusões retiradas deste estudo foram que a aplicação de ligaduras funcionais conduz a alterações no padrão de marcha e no controlo postural, promovendo um aumento da flexão dorsal do pé na fase de ataque ao solo e aumento da extensão do joelho na fase final de apoio, facilitando um aumento da actividade do músculo tibial-anterior e inibição parcial do tricípete sural na fase de ataque ao solo. Em suma, admitimos que os resultados obtidos após três meses de uso contínuo das ligaduras funcionais significaram alterações potencialmente positivas no padrão de marcha destas crianças.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This work addresses the gait analysis in spastic hemiplegic children with cerebral palsy. In hemiplegia there are abnormalities in gait pattern and in postural control. Taping techniques are described as a way to control the foot and ankle, in order to improve the gait pattern and postural stability. The main purpose of this study is to quantify the ankle taping effects in gait (ground reaction forces, muscle activity and kinematic parameters) and in postural stability immediately after the ankle taping application and after three months of continuous use, in hemiplegic children. The experimental sample was composed by 7 hemiplegic children, boys and girls, and the control group by 7 children without any pathology. For the gait analysis we used a 2D video system, a force platform and an electromyography device. This study dealt only with the analysis from the stance phase of the gait cycle of the affected inferior limb. The major conclusions arising from this study were that the ankle taping application produces changes on gait pattern and on postural control, icreasing the dorsiflexor movement during the final stance phase as well the knee extension at ground attack phase, facilitating an increase on the muscle tibial-anterior activity and parcial inibition of the tricipes sural during ground attack phase. In summary, we admit that the attained results after three months of ankle taping continuous use denoted positive changes in these children gait pattern.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[paralisia cerebral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[hemiplegia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ligaduras funcionais (tapes)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[padrão de marcha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[controlo postural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cerebral palsy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hemiplegia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ankle taping]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gait pattern]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[postural control]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center" ><b>O efeito da aplicação de ligaduras funcionais no padrão    de marcha e controlo postural em crianças hemiplégicas espásticas por paralisia    cerebral</b></p>     <p align="center" >Angélica Almeida </p>     <p align="center" >Pedro Gonçalves</p>     <p align="center" >Maria Adília Silva</p>     <p align="center" >Leandro Machado </p>      <p align="center" ><i>Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Portugal</i></p>      <p >&nbsp;</p>     <p ><b>RESUMO</b></p>      <p align="justify" >Este trabalho centra-se na análise da marcha em crianças hemiplégicas    espásticas por paralisia cerebral.     <p align="justify" >Na hemiplegia existem anomalias no padrão de marcha e no controlo    postural. O uso de ligaduras funcionais (<i>tapes</i>) contribui como um meio    de controlo do pé, para melhoria do padrão de marcha e da estabilidade postural.      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify" >Os objectivos principais deste estudo prendem-se com a quantificação    dos efeitos na marcha, em crianças hemiplégicas, da colocação de ligaduras funcionais    (forças de reacção ao solo, actividade muscular e parâmetros cinemáticos) e    na estabilidade postural, imediatamente após a primeira colocação dos <i>tapes</i>    e decorridos três meses de uso continuado.     <p align="justify" >Recorreu-se a uma amostra experimental composta por 7 crianças    hemiplégicas de ambos os sexos e a um grupo controlo sem qualquer patologia.    Para a análise da marcha utilizamos um sistema de vídeo 2D, plataforma de forças    e aparelho de electromiografia. O estudo cingiu-se à análise da fase de apoio    do ciclo de marcha e do membro inferior afectado.     <p align="justify" >As principais conclusões retiradas deste estudo foram que    a aplicação de ligaduras funcionais conduz a alterações no padrão de marcha    e no controlo postural, promovendo um aumento da flexão dorsal do pé na fase    de ataque ao solo e aumento da extensão do joelho na fase final de apoio, facilitando    um aumento da actividade do músculo tibial-anterior e inibição parcial do tricípete    sural na fase de ataque ao solo.     <p align="justify" >Em suma, admitimos que os resultados obtidos após três meses    de uso contínuo das ligaduras funcionais significaram alterações potencialmente    positivas no padrão de marcha destas crianças.      <p ><i>Palavras-chave</i>: paralisia cerebral, hemiplegia, ligaduras funcionais    (<i>tapes</i>), padrão de marcha, controlo postural</p>      <p >&nbsp;</p>      <p >&nbsp;</p>     <p ><b>ABSTRACT</b></p>      <p ><b>The ankle taping effects in gait and postural control in hemiplegic    spastic children with cerebral palsy</b></p>      <p align="justify" >This work addresses the gait analysis in spastic hemiplegic    children with cerebral palsy. </p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify" >In hemiplegia there are abnormalities in gait pattern and    in postural control. Taping techniques are described as a way to control the    foot and ankle, in order to improve the gait pattern and postural stability.</p>     <p align="justify" >The main purpose of this study is to quantify the ankle taping    effects in gait (ground reaction forces, muscle activity and kinematic parameters)    and in postural stability immediately after the ankle taping application and    after three months of continuous use, in hemiplegic children.</p>     <p align="justify" >The experimental sample was composed by 7 hemiplegic children,    boys and girls, and the control group by 7 children without any pathology. For    the gait analysis we used a 2D video system, a force platform and an electromyography    device. This study dealt only with the analysis from the stance phase of the    gait cycle of the affected inferior limb.</p>     <p align="justify" >The major conclusions arising from this study were that the    ankle taping application produces changes on gait pattern and on postural control,    icreasing the dorsiflexor movement during the final stance phase as well the    knee extension at ground attack phase, facilitating an increase on the muscle    tibial-anterior activity and parcial inibition of the tricipes sural during    ground attack phase. </p>     <p align="justify" >In summary, we admit that the attained results after three    months of ankle taping continuous use denoted positive changes in these children    gait pattern.</p>      <p ><i >Key-Words</i>: cerebral palsy, hemiplegia, ankle taping, gait pattern,    postural control</p>      <p >&nbsp;</p>      <p >Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p ><b>REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS</b></p>      <!-- ref --><p >1. Abel MF, Juhl GA, Vaughan CL, Damiano DL (1998). Gait assessment of fixed    ankle-foot orthoses in children with spastic diplegia. <i >Arch Phys Med </i><i >Rehabil</i>    79, 126-132.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=734696&pid=S1645-0523200700010000600001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p >2. Barros ALP, Silva AM, Oliveira LF, Imbirida LA, Garcia MAC (1999). Índice    Estabilométrico em suporte Uni/Bipodal. Biomecânica da Postura e do Movimento.    <i >VII Congresso Brasileiro de Biomecânica</i> 3: 241-244.</p>      <p >3. Bartlett DJ, Palisano RJ (2000). A multivariate model of determinants of    motor change for children with cerebral palsy. <i >Physical Therapy</i> 80,    598-612.</p>      <p >4. Bobath B (1967). The very early treatment of cerebral palsy. <i >Developmental    Medicine and Child Neurology</i> 9: 373-390.</p>      <p >5. Celso CF, Muniz RA, Oliveira LF, Imbirida LA, Garcia MC (2001). Limites    de estabilidade antero-posterior de adultos normais. Biomecânica da postura    e do movimento. <i >IX Congresso Brasileiro de Biomecânica</i> 2:148-151.</p>      <p >6. Condie DN, Bader DL, Pratt DJ (1993). <i >Biomechanical basis of orthotic management</i>. Oxford: Heinemann.</p>      <p >7. Cordova ML, Ingersoll CD, Palmieri RM (2002). Efficacy of prophylatic ankle    support: an experimental perspective. <i >Journal of Athletic Training</i> 37(4),    446-457.</p>      <p >8. Correia PP, Santos PM, Veloso A (1993). <i >Electromiografia – Fundamentação    fisiológica, Métodos de recolha e Processamento, Aplicações cinesiológicas</i>.    1ª ed. Lisboa: Edições FMH.</p>      <p >9. Cusick BD (1988). Managing foot deformity in children with neuromotor disorders.    <i >Physical Therapy</i> 68: 1903-1912.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p >10. De Leva P (1995). Joint center longitudinal positions computed from a    selected subset of chandler´s data. <i >Journal of Biomechanics</i> 29(9): 1231-1233.</p>      <p>11. DeLuca PA (1992). <i >The child`s foot and ankle</i>. New York: Raven Press, Ltd.</p>      <p >12. Dimeglio A, Bonnet F (1997). Reeducation du pied bot varus equin. <i >Kinesithérapie    – Medecine physique – Readaptation</i> 26&nbsp;: 428-438.</p>      <p >13. Duarte M, Zatsiorsky VM (2002). Effects of body lean and visual information    on the equilibrium maintenance during stance. <i >Exp Brain Research</i> 146:    60-69.</p>      <p >14. Hagberg B, Olow I (1996). The changing panorama of cerebral palsy in Sweden.    Prevalence and origin during the birth year period 1987-90. <i >Acta Pediatrica</i>    85: 954-960.</p>      <p >15. Horta L. (1993). Ligaduras funcionais na actividade desportiva. <i >Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Desportiva</i> 11: 125-136.</p>      <p >16. Knackfuss IG, Rosenbum S, Gomes ES (1993). Análise Biomecânica do Pé-    Comportamento das Pressões na Região Plantar. <i >V Congresso Brasileiro de    Biomecânica</i>, 29-31.</p>      <p >17. Macdonald R. (1990). <i >Taping Thechniques- Principles and Practice</i>.    London: Butterworth Heinemann.</p>      <p >18. Machado S. (2005). O efeito da palmilha proprioceptiva na marcha de crianças    com hemiplegia espástica por paralisia cerebral. <i >Revista Portuguesa de Ciências    do Desporto</i> (artigo submetido).</p>      <p >19. Mueller K, Cornwall M, McPoil T, Mueller D (1995). Effect of two contemporary    tone inhibiting ankle foot orthoses on foot-loading patterns in adult hemiplegics:    a small group study. <i >Top Stroke Rehabilitation</i> 1(4): 1-16.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p >20. Murphy B (1999). The use of adhesive ankle strapping and bracing in the    prevention of ankle injury and the effect on the proprioception properties of    the athlete. <i >Journal of Sports Medicine</i> 23(3): 147-149.</p>      <p > 21. Neville B, Goodman R (2000). <i >Congenital Hemiplegia</i>. London: Mac Keith Press.</p>      <p >22. Nurse MA, Nigg BM, Stefanyshyn DJ, Liu W, Miller JE (1998). Differences    in the sensation of the plantar surface of the human foot. <i >North American    Congress on Biomechanics</i>, 14-18.</p>      <p >23. Olney SJ, Griffin MP, Monga TN, McBride JD (1991). Work and power in gait    of stroke patients. <i >Archives of Medical Rehabilitation</i> 72: 309-314.</p>      <p >24. O´Sullivan SB, Schmitz J (1993). <i >Fisioterapia- Avaliação e Tratamento</i>.    2ª ed. São Paulo: Editora Manole.</p>      <p >25. Perez V, Greve P, Yoshizumi L, Morini J (2001). <i >Effect of the bandage    kinesio taping in spasticity in cerebral palsy of diparetic- case report</i>.    Department of Physical Therapy of University Mogi das Cruzes.</p>      <p >26. Perry SD, McIlroy WE, Norrie RG, Maki BE (1998). Mechanical Facilitation    of Sensation from plantar foot- surface boundaries: effects on postural stabilization.    <i >North American Congress on Biomechanics</i>, 14-18.</p>      <p >27. Shieppati M, Hugon M, Grasso M, Nardone A, Galante M (1994). The limits    of equilibrium in young and elderly normal subjects in parkinsonians. <i >Electroencephalography    and Clinical Neurophysiology</i> 93: 286-295.</p>      <p >28. Sussman MD (1991). <i >Th</i><i >e Diplegic Child</i>. Rosemont: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.  </p>      <p >29. Thomas SS, Mazur JM, Wright N (1992). Quantitative assessment of ankle    foot orthoses for children with cerebral palsy. <i >Development Medical Child    Neurology</i> 34: 547-555.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p >30. Winter DA (1990). Biomechanics and motor control of human <i >movement</i>.    2<sup>nd</sup> ed. New York: John Wiley &amp;Sons.</p>      <p >&nbsp;</p>      <p ><b >CORRESPONDÊNCIA</b></p>     <p ><b>Leandro Machado</b></p>     <p >Laboratório de Biomecânica, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade    do Porto</p>     <p >Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91 </p>     <p >4200-450 Porto, Portugal</p>     <p >e-mail: <i ><a href="mailto:lmachado@fade.up.pt">lmachado@fade.up.pt</a></i></p>      <p > </p>              <p >&nbsp;</p>          ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juhl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaughan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Damiano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Gait assessment of fixed ankle-foot orthoses in children with spastic diplegia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Phys Med Rehabil]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<page-range>126-132</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
