1645-0523 1645-0523 S1645-05232007000100010 , Brasil Brasil Espanha 00 01 2007 00 01 2007 7 1 92 99

Efeito de um treinamento combinado de força e endurance sobre componentes corporais de mulheres na fase de perimenopausa

Mateus Rossato1

Maria A. Binotto1

Maria A. Roth2

Haury Temp2

Felipe P. Carpes3

Jose L. Alonso4

Airton J. Rombaldi5

 

1Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Desportos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil Florianópolis, SC

]]> 2Faculdade Metodista, Faculdade de Educação Física, Santa Maria, RS

3Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brasil Santa Maria, RS

4Departamento de Ciências Morfofuncionales, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cordoba, Espanha

5Escola Superior de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brasil Pelotas, RS  

 

RESUMO

O objectivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito de um treinamento de força e endurance sobre componentes corporais de mulheres. Oito mulheres na fase de perimenopausa (massa corporal de 58,9 ± 9,3 kg, altura de 159 ± 7 cm e idade de 48,6 ± 2,1 anos) participaram do estudo. A massa óssea (MO), massa gorda (MG) e a massa magra (MM) foram analisadas com um exame DEXA (Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry). O consumo máximo de oxigénio (VO2máx) foi determinado através de teste progressivo máximo em esteira rolante antes e após o treinamento. O treinamento combinando exercícios de força e endurance teve a duração de 20 semanas. Os resultados indicam que o VO2máx, embora não alterado de maneira estatisticamente significativa, apresentou um aumento de 7,23% para a forma absoluta e 9,82% na forma relativa. Da mesma forma, a MO e MM tiveram um aumento de 0,81% e 2,82%, respectivamente, enquanto que a MG apresentou decréscimo de 3,60%. Ainda que essas alterações não tenham alcançado significância estatística, a tendência de modificação observada sugere que o treinamento poderá induzir alterações nos componentes corporais de mulheres na fase de perimenopausa. Para a confirmação dos resultados encontrados sugerem-se estudos com períodos de treinamento mais extensos.

Palavras-chave: mulheres; perimenopausa; consumo de oxigénio, treinamento.

 

ABSTRACT

]]> Effects of a combined training of strength and endurance on body components of women on perimenopause stage.

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of strength and endurance training on body components in women. Eight women at perimenopause stage (age of 48.6 ± 2.1 years; body mass of 58.9 ± 9.3 kg; height of 159 ± 7 cm) volunteered for this study. The bone mass (BM), fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) were analyzed by a DEXA (Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry), and the VO2max was determined by progressive maximal tests in a treadmill before and after the training period. The strength and endurance training had duration of 20 weeks. We didn’t find statistical differences for the VO2max, however presented an increase of 7.23% for absolute and 9.82 for relative values. The BM had an increase of 0.81%, while the LM had an increase of 2.82%. The FM was decreased in 3.60%. Although the alterations did not reach a statistical significance, the tendency observed suggest that training can induce changes on the body components of women at perimenopause stage. However, to confirm this found is necessary the application of a larger training period.  

Keys-words: women, perimenopause, oxygen uptake, training

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format

 

REFERÊNCIAS

1. ACSM’s. (2006) Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, 7° Edição, Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan S.A.        [ Links ]

2. Brozek J, Kihlberg JK, Taylor L, Keys A (1963). Skinfolds distributions in middle-aged american men: a contribution to norms of leanness-fatness. Annals New York Academy Science 110: 492-502.

3. Cheng S, Sipila S, Taaffe DR, Puolakka J, Suominen H. (2002). Change in bone mass distribution induced by hormone replacement therapy and high-impact physical exercise in post-menopausal women. Bone 31(1):126–135

4. Cullen DM, Iwaniec UT, Bargar-Lux MJ (2003). Resposta esquelética no exercício e no treinamento. In: A ciência do exercício e dos esportes. Garrett Jr. WE. & Kirkendall DT. e cols. Artmed, 251-262.

5. Douchi T, Yamamoto S, Oki T, Maruta K, Kuwahata R, Yamasaki H, Nagata Y(2000). Difference in the effect of adiposity on bone density between pre- and postmenopausal women. Maturitas 34: 261–266

6. Drinkwater BL.(1993). Exercise in the prevention of osteoporosis. In: Osteoporosis, Proceedings, C. Christiansen and B. Riis (Eds.). Rodovre, Denmark Osteopress Aps., 105-108.

7. Durnin JVG. (1983). A body composition and energy expenditure in elderly people. Bibliothca Nutr. Dieta 33: 16-30.

8. Evans WJ. (2003). Envelhecimento e exercício. In: A ciência do exercício e dos esportes. Garrett Jr. WE. & Kirkendall DT. e cols. Artmed: 302-309.

9. Fleg JL.; Lakatta EG. (1988). Role of muscle loss in the age-associated reduction in VO2máx. J Appl. Physiol 65: 1147-1151.

10. Frontera WR, Hughes VA, Evans WJ. (1991). A cross-sectional  estudy of upper and lower extremy muscle strength in 45-78 years old men and woman. J Appl Physiology 71: 644-650.

11. Gleeson PB, Protas EJ, Leblanc AD, Schneider VS,  Evans HJ (1990). Effects of weight training on bone mineral density in premenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 5: 53-158.

]]> 12. Hartard M, Haber P, Ilieva D, Preisinger E, Seidl G, Huber J (1996). Systematic strength training as a model of therapeutic intervention: a controlled trial in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Am J Phys Med Rehab 75: 21–28.

13. Hewitt MJ, Williams DP, Going SB, Lohman TG (1991). Skinfold Estimation of percent fat from measures of density, water and bone in middle-aged and older men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 23(4): 149.

14. Hill C. (2001). Caring for the aging athlete. Geriatric Nursing 22 (1): 43-45.

15. Hoover PA, Webber CE, Beaumont LF, Blake JM. (1996). Postmenopausal bone mineral density: relationship to calcium intake, calcium absorption, residual estrogen, body composition, and physical activity. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 74: 911-917.

16. Humphries B, Newton RU, Bronks R, Marshall S, Mcbride J, Triplett-Mcbride T, Hakkinen K, Kraemer WJ, Humphries N (2000). Effect of exercise intensity on bone density, strength, and calcium turnover in older women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(6): 1043–1050.

17. Ilich JZ, Kerstetter JE (2000). Nutrition in bone health  revisited: A story beyond calcium. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 19(6), 715–737.

18. Kemmler W, Von Stengel S, Weineck J, Lauber D, Kalender W, Engelke K (2005). Exercise Effects on Menopausal Risk Factors of Early Postmenopausal Women: 3-yr EFOPS Results. Med Sci Sports Exerc 37(2): 194–203.

19. Khandwala SS (1998). Primary care of the perimenopausal woman. Primary Care Update for OB/GYNS 5(1): 43-49(7)

20. Kontogianni MD, Panagiotakos DB, Skopouli FN (2005). Does body mass index reflect adequately the body fat content in perimenopausal women? Maturitas 51: 307–313.

21. Lauritzen JB (1996). Hip fractures: incidence, risk factors, energy absorption, and prevention. Bone 18 (1 Suppl): 65S–75S.

]]> 22. Li S, Wagner R, Holm K, Lehotsky J, Zinaman MJ (2004). Relationship between soft tissue body composition and bone mass in perimenopausal women. Maturitas 47: 99–105

23. Lohmam T. (1992). Advances in body composition assessment. Champaing, IL: Human Kinetics.

24. Lohman T, Going S, Pamenter R, Hall M, Boyden T, Houtkooper L, Ritenbaugh C, Bare L, Hill A, Aickin M (1995). Effects of resistance training on regional and total BMD in premenopausal women: a randomized prospective study. J Bone Miner Res 10(7): 1015-24.

25. Matsudo SM, Matsudo VKR, Barros Neto TL. (2000). Impacto do envelhecimento nas variáveis antropométricas, neuromotoras e metabólicas da aptidão física. Rev. Bras.Ciên. e Mov. 8(4): 21-32.

26.  Mercuro G, Saiu F, Deidda M, Mercuro S, Vitale C, Rosano G (2006). Impairment of physical exercise capacity in healthy postmenopausal women. Am Heart J 151(4): 923-927.

27. Nichols JF, Nelson KP, Peterson KK, Sartoris DJ (1995). Responses to high intensity strength training in active older women. J Aging Phys Act 3:26–38.

28. Niemam D. (1999) Exercício e Saúde. São Paulo: Manole.

29. Oliveira R, Pereira MH, Matsudo VKR. (1988) Terceira idade: características antropométricas e consumo de oxigênio em mulheres praticantes e não praticantes de atividade física. Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento 2(4): 17–21.

30. Posicionamento Oficial do Colégio Americano de Medicina do Esporte Sobre Osteoporose e Exercício (1995). Med Sci Sports Exerc  27(4).

31. Rockwell JC, Sorensen AM, Baker S, Leahey D, Michaels J. (1990) Weight training decreases vertebral bone density in premenopausal women: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71:988-993.

]]> 32. Shephard RJ. (1994)Alterações fisiológicas através dos anos. In: American College Of Sports Medicine. Prova de Esforço e Prescrição de Exercício. Rio de Janeiro: Revinter.

33. Shephard, R. J. (1995). Physical activity, health, and well-being at different life stages. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 66(4), 298-302.

34. Spirduso, W. W. (2005). Dimensões físicas do envelhecimento. Barueri, São Paulo: Manole.

35. Stewart KJ, Bacher AC, Hees PS, Tayback M, Ouyang P,  Jan de Beur S. (2005). Exercise effects on bone mineral density relationships to changes in fitness and fatness. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 28 (5): 453-60.

36. Svendsen OL, Hassager C, Christiansen C. (1995). Age- and menopause-associated variations in body composition and fat distribution in healthy women as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Metabolism 44(3): 369–73.

37.  Tanko LB, Movsesyan L, Mouritzen U, Christiansen C, Svendsen OL. (2002). Appendicular lean tissue mass and the prevalence of sarcopenia among healthy women. Metabolism 51(1): 69-74.

38. Turner CH, Robling AG (2003). Designing exercise regimens to increase bone strength. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 31: 45–50.

39. Wallace BA, Cumming RG (2000). Systematic review of randomized trials of the effect of exercise on bone mass in pre- and postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 67(1):10–8.

40.  Wark JD (1996). Osteoporotic fractures: background and prevention strategies.  Maturitas 23: 193-207.

41. Weineck J (1999). Treinamento ideal. 9º edição. São Paulo: Monole.

]]> 42. Womersley J, Durnin JV, Boddy K, Mahaffy M (1976). Influence of muscular development, obesity and age on fat-free mass of adults. Journal of Applied Physiology 41(2): 223– 229.

 

CORRESPONDÊNCIA

Mateus Rossato

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Centro de Desportos, Laboratório de Biomecânica

Campus Universitário Trindade

CEP: 88040-900 Florianópolis – SC – Brasil

Telefone: 55 48 3331 8530; Fax: 0 48 3331 9927

E-mail: mateusmestrado@gmail.com

]]>  

 

]]> ACSM’s 2006 7°