<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1645-3794</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cadernos de Estudos Africanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cadernos de Estudos Africanos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1645-3794</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudos Internacionais do ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1645-37942019000200015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Elections as vehicles for change? Explaining different outcomes of democratic performance and government alternation in Africa]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Eleições enquanto veículos de mudança? Análise de variações no desempenho da democracia e na alternância no governo em África]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanches]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edalina Rodrigues]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macuane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Lisboa Instituto de Ciências Sociais ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Eduardo Mondlane  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mozambique</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>38</numero>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>40</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1645-37942019000200015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1645-37942019000200015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1645-37942019000200015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Does having more regular elections improve democratic performance in Africa? And have elections transformed the patterns of alternation in government? To answer these questions, two analyses are conducted drawing on an original dataset of 179 elections in 27 African countries, from the founding multiparty elections until 2019. The first tests the effects of alternation in government on democratic performance and shows that while alternation in government in the founding elections improves democratic performance, opposition victories in subsequent elections do not produce democratic gains. The second examines why alternation in government is more frequent in certain countries than in others; and reveals that the odds of turnover are increased by alternation in government in the founding elections, the level of political competition and the quality of elections. These findings contribute to literature linking elections, democracy and turnover in Africa.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Eleições regulares melhoram o desempenho da democracia em África? E qual o efeito das eleições nos padrões de competição pelo governo? Respondemos a estas questões através de duas análises empíricas que utilizam uma base de dados original com eleições realizadas em 17 países africanos desde as eleições fundadoras da era multipartidária até 2019. A primeira testa o efeito da alternância no governo no desempenho da democracia, e demonstra que enquanto a alternância no governo nas eleições fundadoras melhora o desempenho da democracia no futuro, a vitória da oposição em eleições subsequentes não produz ganhos democráticos. A segunda examina porquê alguns países experimentam maior alternância no governo e outros menos; e revela que a probabilidade de alternância ao longo do tempo é maior, quando também houve alternância nas eleições fundadoras do multipartidarismo e as eleições são mais competitivas e justas. Estes resultados contribuem para a literatura que associa eleições, democracia e alternância em África.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Africa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[alternation in government]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democratic transition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[level of political competition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[quality of elections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[África]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[alternância no governo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[transição democrática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[grau de competição política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[qualidade das eleições]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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