<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1645-6432</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[e-Journal of Portuguese History]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[e-JPH]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1645-6432</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade do PortoBrown University]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1645-64322007000200004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A Note on Two Recent Books on the Patterns of Portuguese Politics In the 18th Century]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hespanha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[António Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNL - Universidade Nova de Lisboa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>42</fpage>
<lpage>50</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1645-64322007000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1645-64322007000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1645-64322007000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This article discusses two recent studies about the model of the Portuguese political system in the late Ancien Regime. According to the first of these, there was a gradual change towards a system of centralized royal decision-making. This silent transformation had originally begun during the reign of João V with the introduction of an advisory body, the Council of State (Conselho de Estado), which was later replaced by regular discussions with more or less transient validos (royal favorites). Despite reinforcing the power of the Secretarias de Estado (Secretariats of State), the consulate of the Marquis of Pombal did not substantially change the pattern, with the “dictator of Portugal” (M. Cheke) behaving as an epigone of the traditional validos and being little affected by the contemporary Enlightened policy. In contrast, the other study discusses the way in which Pombal took advantage of Lisbon’s earthquake to install a brand new system of government, based on a cohort of trustworthy followers of his political plans. These people were decisively inspired by the contemporary ideas of reform, namely by advisers originating from Italy and Austria, whose thinking was based on new concepts of the public good, planned government, civil service and meritocracy.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Este artigo discute dois estudos recentes sobre o modelo do sistema político português nos finais do Antigo Regime. Segundo o primeiro, teria havido uma mudança gradual no sentido de uma progressiva centralização do processo de decisão real. Esta silenciosa transição teria começado durante o reinado de D. João V, com a intervenção de um órgão colectivo, o Conselho de Estado, o qual viria a ser substituído na função de aconselhamento do rei por discussões mais ou menos regulares com validos de carácter transitório (favoritos reais). Apesar de reforçar o poder das Secretarias de Estado, o consulado do Marquês de Pombal não teria alterado substancialmente o padrão de governo, tendo o “ditador de Portugal” (Marcus Cheke) assumido um epigonal comportamento de um valido tradicional, pouco influenciado pelo modelo político do iluminismo contemporâneo. Pelo contrário, o outro estudo discute o modo como Pombal aproveitou o terramoto de Lisboa para instalar um sistema de governo completamente novo, baseado numa corte de seguidores fiéis das suas ideias políticas. Estes os seguidores eram decisivamente influenciados pelas ideias de reforma, nomeadamente oriundas de publicistas austríacos e italianos, cujo pensamento se baseava em conceitos novos de interesse público, de governo planificado, de serviço público e de meritocracia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[absolutism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[enlightenment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pombalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[corporate monarchy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[government]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[absolutismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[iluminismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pombalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[monarquia corporativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[governo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <P align="left"><b>A Note on Two Recent Books on the Patterns of Portuguese Politics    In the 18th Century</b></P>     <P align="left">&nbsp;</P>     <p align="left">António Manuel Hespanha</P>     <p align="left">Universidade Nova de Lisboa</P>     <p align="left"><a href="mailto:amh@oniduo.pt">amh@oniduo.pt</a></P>     <p align="right">&nbsp;</P>     <p align="right">&nbsp;</P> </P> <b>Abstract</b>      <p>This article discusses two recent studies          about the model of the Portuguese political system in the late Ancien          Regime. According to the first of these, there was a gradual change          towards a system of centralized royal decision-making. This silent          transformation had originally begun during the reign of João V with the          introduction of an advisory body, the Council of State (<i>Conselho de          Estado</i>), which was later replaced by regular discussions with more          or less transient <i>validos</i> (royal favorites). Despite          reinforcing the power of the <i>Secretarias de Estado</i>          (Secretariats of State), the consulate of the Marquis of Pombal did not          substantially change the pattern, with the “dictator of Portugal” (M.          Cheke) behaving as an epigone of the traditional <i>validos</i> and          being little affected by the contemporary Enlightened policy. In          contrast, the other study discusses the way in which Pombal took          advantage of Lisbon’s earthquake to install a brand new system of          government, based on a cohort of trustworthy followers of his political          plans. These people were decisively inspired by the contemporary ideas          of reform, namely by advisers originating from Italy and Austria, whose          thinking was based on new concepts of the public good, planned          government, civil service and meritocracy.</P>            <p><b>Keywords</b></P>                     <p>absolutism, enlightenment, <i>pombalismo</i>, corporate monarchy, government.</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</P>     <p>&nbsp;</P>            <p><b>Resumo</b></P>     <p>Este artigo discute dois estudos recentes sobre o modelo do sistema político    português nos finais do Antigo Regime. Segundo o primeiro, teria havido uma    mudança gradual no sentido de uma progressiva centralização do processo de decisão    real. Esta silenciosa transição teria começado durante o reinado de D. João    V, com a intervenção de um órgão colectivo, o Conselho de Estado, o qual viria    a ser substituído na função de aconselhamento do rei por discussões mais ou    menos regulares com validos de carácter transitório (favoritos reais). Apesar    de reforçar o poder das Secretarias de Estado, o consulado do Marquês de Pombal    não teria alterado substancialmente o padrão de governo, tendo o “ditador de    Portugal” (Marcus Cheke) assumido um epigonal comportamento de um valido tradicional,    pouco influenciado pelo modelo político do iluminismo contemporâneo. Pelo contrário,    o outro estudo discute o modo como Pombal aproveitou o terramoto de Lisboa para    instalar um sistema de governo completamente novo, baseado numa corte de seguidores    fiéis das suas ideias políticas. Estes os seguidores eram decisivamente influenciados    pelas ideias de reforma, nomeadamente oriundas de publicistas austríacos e italianos,    cujo pensamento se baseava em conceitos novos de interesse público, de governo    planificado, de serviço público e de meritocracia.</P>     <P><b>Palavras chave </b></P>     <P>absolutismo, iluminismo, pombalismo, monarquia corporativa, governo. </P>            <p>&nbsp;</P>     <p>&nbsp;</P>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>Bibliography</b>     <!-- ref --><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000026&pid=S1645-6432200700020000400001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Subtil (2007), Jos&eacute; Manuel, O terramoto politico (1755-1759). Mem&oacute;ria    e poder, Lisbon: UAL, 2007.</P>        <p>Subtil, Jos&eacute; Manuel, O Desembargo do Pa&ccedil;o (1750-1833), Lisbon:    Univ. Aut&oacute;noma, 1996.</P> </P>        ]]></body><back>
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<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
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</article>
