<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1645-6432</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[e-Journal of Portuguese History]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[e-JPH]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1645-6432</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade do PortoBrown University]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1645-64322021000200001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26300/px7m-4439</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Managing Diversity in the Portuguese Empire]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bethencourt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,King's College London  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1645-64322021000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1645-64322021000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1645-64322021000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The production of diversity and its transformation into hierarchy and social inequality in the Portuguese Empire are at the core of this essay. Conversion of local populations and slaves to Catholicism was the main strategy used by the Portuguese Empire to create allegiance and reduce diversity. Recognition and integration of indigenous institutions into the imperial political system meant indirect rule at local level and the acceptance of some degree of institutional hybridism with different normative layers. However, slave trade, slavery and classification of populations with discrimination and exclusion of indigenous people constantly produced inequality, while colonial violence and the assertion of Portuguese rule changed local dynamics of power.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A produção da diversidade e a sua transformação em hierarquia e desigualdade social no Império português estão no centro deste ensaio. A conversão de populações locais e escravos ao Catolicismo foi a principal estratégia usada pelo Império Português para criar lealdade e reduzir diversidade. O reconhecimento e a integração de instituições indígenas no sistema político imperial significou governo indireto a nível local e aceitação de um grau de hibridismo institucional com diferentes camadas normativas. No entanto, o tráfico de escravos, a escravidão e a classificação das populações com discriminação e exclusão de indígenas produziram constantemente desigualdades, enquanto a violência colonial e a afirmação do domínio português alterou as dinâmicas locais de poder.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diversity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Imperialism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colonialism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Universalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Racism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hierarchy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Inequality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Slavery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Trade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Religion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Normativity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hybridism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rule]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[State]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Gestão]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Diversidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Imperialismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Colonialismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Universalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Violência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Racismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Hierarquia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Desigualdade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Escravatura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Comércio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Religião]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Normativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Hibridismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Norma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Estado]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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