1645-6432 1645-6432 S1645-64322022000200086 10.26300/dt4f-nb04 United Kingdom 00 12 2022 00 12 2022 20 2 86 112

AfDB 2012 2010 20 139-59 2016 16 1 1 112-29 2015 2018 2013 First 1987 2015 2013 17 2 2 197-210 2010 2006 44 4 4 493-511 2006 81 1 1 11-59 2008 2003 37 3 3 700-23 2007 75 5 5 2393-448 2009 13 5 5 475-99 2010 2008 52 4 4 959-78 1989 2005 28 1 1 1-19 2015 International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance Instituto Federal Electoral 2007 128-31 2015 2012 2002 2004 10 2 2 113-32 1977 1983 2nd 1999 1996 72 3 3 507-20 2013 2007 2013 273-329 1998 2008 1996 30 2 2 423-44 International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance Instituto Federal Electoral 2007 2006 2006 2008 27 8 8 840-56 2013 2007 23-62 2013 302-26 2015 22 5 5 906-26 INE 2012 2000 34 4 4 1126-54 2016 4 14 14 2001 39 5 5 45-71 2017 24 2 2 325-46 2005 2011 11 481-501 2013 2006 2012 21 263-94 2017 Lisbon 2009 2014 36 2 2 69-102 2013 252-76 1992 2002 44 1 1 25-42 2002 13 3 3 153-65 2008 55-60 2012 38 9 9 1339-56 2003 2016 2001 27 4 4 583-99 2007 13 3 3 79-102 1977 15 1 1 59-79 2010 1999 2007 2000 23 1 1 1-15 2006 29 2 2 248-69 1962 2014 8 2 2 11-37 2009 2017 183 Supplement C Supplement C 70-9 2010 2002 2 4 4 301-34 World Bank 2019