<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1645-9199</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Relações Internacionais (R:I)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Relações Internacionais]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1645-9199</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IPRI-UNL]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1645-91992008000300001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[À procura da alma de Putin: a Rússia e as eleições americanas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In search of Putin’s soul. Russia and the American elections]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vasco]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution><![CDATA[,  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>20</numero>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>16</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1645-91992008000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1645-91992008000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1645-91992008000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[A política externa americana tem de adaptar as suas orientações perante uma Rússia crescentemente beligerante. Barack Obama e John McCain revelaram, durante a recente campanha presidencial, ter análises distintas acerca da estratégia de Putin e Medvedev. Apesar de triunfante, a orientação de Obama assenta em premissas que, na melhor das hipóteses, são excessivamente optimistas quanto ao expectável comportamento futuro de Moscovo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[American foreign policy has to adapt to an increasingly belligerent Russia. During the campaign, it was clear that Barack Obama and John McCain had very different views of Putin’s grand strategy. Though victorious, Obama’s policies towards Russia are still too optimistic as to what should be expected from the Kremlin at this juncture.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[relações EUA-Rússia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[política externa Americana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Barack Obama]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[John McCain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[United States-Russia relationship]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[American foreign policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Barack Obama]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[John McCain]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p><b>À procura da alma de Putin: a Rússia e as eleições americanas</b></p>      <p><b>Vasco Rato</b></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>        <p>A política externa americana      tem de adaptar as suas orientações perante uma Rússia crescentemente beligerante.      Barack Obama e John McCain revelaram, durante a recente campanha presidencial,      ter análises distintas acerca da estratégia de Putin      e Medvedev. Apesar de triunfante, a orientação de      Obama assenta em premissas que, na melhor das hipóteses, são      excessivamente optimistas quanto ao expectável comportamento futuro de Moscovo.</p>       <p>Palavras-chave: relações EUA-Rússia, política externa Americana, Barack      Obama, John McCain</p>        <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>In search of Putin’s soul. Russia and the American elections</b></p>     <p>American foreign policy has to adapt to an increasingly belligerent Russia.    During the campaign, it was clear that Barack Obama and John McCain had very    different views of Putin’s grand strategy. Though victorious, Obama’s policies    towards Russia are still too optimistic as to what should be expected from the    Kremlin at this juncture.</p>       <p>Keywords: United States-Russia relationship, American      foreign policy, Barack Obama, John McCain</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>NOTAS</b></p>      <p><b><sup>1</sup></b> «Press conference by President Bush and Russian Federation    President Putin», 16 de Junho de 2001. Disponível em: <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/06/20010618.html" target="_blank">http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/06/20010618.html</a>.</p>      <p><b><sup>2</sup></b> BUSH, George – «The National Security Strategy of the United    States of America». White House, Setembro de 2002, p.&nbsp;13. Disponível em:    http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.pdf. A melhor análise da esn pode ser encontrada    em KAUFMAN, Robert G. – Defense of the Bush Doctrine. Lexington: University    Press of Kentucky, 2007. Também: RATO, Vasco – «Striking first: the use of force    in Post-Cold War American foreign policy». In IPRI Working Paper 14, 2005. Disponível    em: <a href="http://www.ipri.pt/publicacoes/working_paper/pdf/WP_14_VR.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.ipri.pt/publicacoes/working_paper/pdf/WP_14_VR.pdf</a>.</p>      <p><b><sup>3</sup></b> As linhas mestras da política externa russa pós-Iraque    tornar-se-iam claras durante a 43.ª Conferência de Munique sobre Segurança,    em 2007. O discurso de Putin pode ser encontrado em <a href="http://www.securityconference.de/konferenzen/rede.php?sprache=en&id=179" target="_blank">http://www.securityconference.de/konferenzen/rede.php?sprache=en&amp;id=179</a>.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p><b><sup>4</sup></b> Um exemplo recente desta perspectiva é LUCAS, Edward – The New Cold War: Putin´s Russia and the Threat to the West. Nova York: Macmillan, 2008.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000023&pid=S1645-9199200800030000100001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p><b><sup>5</sup></b> Sobre estas questões, cf. RASHID, Ahmed – Descent into Chaos: The United States and the Failure of Nation Building in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. Nova York: Viking, 2008.</p>      <p><b><sup>6</sup></b> Cf. TRENIN, Dmitri – Getting Russia Right. Washington: Carnegie Endowment, 2007.</p>      <p><b><sup>7</sup></b> Sobre estas questões, cf. GOLDMAN, Marshall I. – Petrostate: Putin, Power, and the New Russia. Nova York: Oxford University Press, 2008.</p>      <p><b><sup>8</sup></b> Quanto ao escudo antimíssil, McCain considerava tratar-se de uma necessidade para proteger os EUA e os aliados contra eventuais ataques iranianos. Obama, por sua vez, afirmou que George W. Bush estava a ser prematuro ao colocar no terreno uma tecnologia que ainda não deu provas de operacionalidade. Ambos apoiam o alargamento da NATO à Geórgia e à Ucrânia.</p>      <p><b><sup>9</sup></b> Sobre as consequências da invasão da Geórgia: KING, Charles – «The Five-Day War». In <i>Foreign Affairs</i>. Vol.&nbsp;87, N.º&nbsp;6, Novembro-Dezembro de 2008, pp. 2-11, e SESTANOVICH, Stephen – «What has Moscow done?». In Foreign Affairs. Vol.&nbsp;87, N.º 6, Novembro-Dezembro de 2008, pp.&nbsp;12-28.</p>      <p><b><sup>10</sup></b> Cf. KRASTEV, Ivan – «Russia and the European order». In The American Interest. Vol. 4, N.º 2, Dezembro de 2008, pp.&nbsp;16-24.</p>      <p><b><sup>11 </sup></b>Algumas das posições de Barack Obama em política externa podem ser consultadas em OBAMA, Barack – Change We Can Believe In: Barack Obama’s Plan to Renew America’s Promise. Nova York: Three Rivers Press, 2008.</p>      <p><b><sup>12</sup></b> «Remarks of Senator Barack Obama to the Chicago Council    on Global Affairs – April 23, 2007». Disponível em:<b> </b><a href="http://www.thechicagocouncil.org/dynamic_page.php?id=64" target="_blank">http://www.the chicagocouncil.org/dynamic_page.php?id=64</a>.</p>      <p><b><sup>13</sup></b> OBAMA, Barack – «Statement of Senator Obama on Georgia’s    territorial integrity and sovereignty», 21 de Abril de 2008. Disponível em:    <a href="http://www.barackobama.com/2008/04/21/statement_of_senator_obama_on.php" target="_blank">http://www.barackobama.com/2008/04/21/statement_of_senator_obama_on.php</a>.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><b><sup>14</sup></b> OBAMA, Barack – «The American moment: remarks to the Chicago    Council on Global Affairs», 23 de Abril de 2007. Disponível em: <a href="http://www.thechicagocouncil.org/dynamic_page.php?id=64" target="_blank">http://www.thechicagocouncil.org/dynamic_page.php?id=64</a>.</p>      <p><b><sup>15 </sup></b>Ibidem.</p>      <p><b><sup>16</sup></b> MCCAIN, John – «McCain Remarks». Hoover Institution, 1    de Maio de 2007. Disponível em: <a href="http://media.hoover.org/documents/McCain_05-01-07.pdf" target="_blank">http://media.hoover.org/documents/McCain_05-01-07.pdf</a>.</p>      <p><b><sup>17</sup></b> MCCAIN, John – «Why we must be firm with Moscow». In Financial    Times, 13 de Junho de 2007. Disponível em: <a href="http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2007/06/13/mak" target="_blank">http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2007/06/13/mak</a>.    Note-se que a palavra source faz alusão ao célebre artigo de George Kennan,    «The sources of Soviet conduct», publicado pela Foreign Affairs, em 1947, que    marca o início da estratégia de containment.</p>      <p><b><sup>18</sup></b> MCCAIN, John – «America must be a good role model». In    Financial Times, 18 de Março de 2008. Disponível em: <a href="http://www.cagop.org/index.cfm/in-case-you-missed-it_400.htm" target="_blank">http://www.cagop.org/index.cfm/in-case-you-missed-it_400.htm</a>.</p>      <p><b><sup>19</sup></b> Cf. <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/politicsNews/idUSN1536962020071015?feedType=RSS&feedName=politicsNews&rpc=22&sp=true" target="_blank">http://www.reuters.com/article/politicsNews/idUSN1536962020071015?feedType=RSS&amp;feedName=politicsNews&amp;rpc=22&amp;sp=true</a>.</p>      <p><b><sup>20</sup></b> MCCAIN, John – «America must be a good role model». In    Financial Times, 18 de Março de 2008. Disponível em: <a href="http://www.cagop.org/index.cfm/in-case-you-missed-it_400.htm" target="_blank">http://www.cagop.org/index.cfm/in-case-you-missed-it_400.htm</a>.</p>      <p><b><sup>21</sup></b> Declarações feitas a 26 de Fevereiro de 2008, disponíveis    em: <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=a2Toncy6GkjI&refer=hom" target="_blank">http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&amp;sid=a2Toncy6GkjI&amp;refer=hom</a>.</p>         ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
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<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LUCAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edward]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The New Cold War: Putin´s Russia and the Threat to the West]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nova York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
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