<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1645-9199</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Relações Internacionais (R:I)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Relações Internacionais]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1645-9199</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IPRI-UNL]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1645-91992021000100107</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23906/ri2021.69a07</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Ascensão e resistência do movimento militante islamista no Norte de Moçambique]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Emergence and resilience of the militant islamist movement in Northern Mozambique]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexandra Magnólia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,FCSH NOVA Departamento de Estudos Políticos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>69</numero>
<fpage>107</fpage>
<lpage>119</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1645-91992021000100107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1645-91992021000100107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1645-91992021000100107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo O presente artigo baseia a análise das origens da insurgência radical no Norte de Moçambique na relação com a resistência e/ou declínio do Estado. A opção teórica pretende oferecer uma perspetiva de análise deste tipo de movimentos para além dos Estudos de Terrorismo e de Segurança em voga desde o 11 de Setembro. A preocupação analítica central visa apreender em que medida as questões em causa sofreram mudanças ou, pelo contrário, refletem ressentimentos estruturais que se foram acentuando no decurso do longo processo de formação do Estado em relação com os grupos sociais locais. No final, tece um conjunto de considerações em torno das consequências inesperadas de respostas internas exclusivamente militares e acerca de intervenções internacionais de curto prazo e insuficientemente planeadas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article bases the analysis of the origins of the radical insurgency in Northern Mozambique on the relationship between the state&#8217;s resilience and/or decay. This theoretical option aims to offer an alternative perspective beyond the burgeoning Terrorism Studies&#8217; and Security Studies&#8217; literature since 9/11. The central analytical concern is to understand to what extent the issues at stake have changed or instead reflect deep seated grievances that emerged during the long course of the trajectory of state formation in relation to societal groups. Finally, it reflects on the unintended consequences of domestic military responses and short-term and ill-planned international interventions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[radicalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[insurgência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[intervenção internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Estado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[radicalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[insurgency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[international intervention]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[state]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ACSS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[«Africa&#8217;s Active Militant Islamist Groups]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ADELKHAH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fariba]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guerre et terre en Afghanistan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critique internationale]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>69-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>AFRICA SESSIONS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Terror ao Norte de Moçambique. Causas e consequências para a segurança internacional]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ANDRÉ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carla Maria Martins]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[O movimento sufista islâmico na génese das confrarias: as confrarias islâmicas na Ilha de Moçambique]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ATTRAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Scott]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AXELROD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DAVIS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FISCHHOFF]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Baruch]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Challenges in researching terrorism from the field]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>355</volume>
<numero>6323</numero>
<issue>6323</issue>
<page-range>352-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ATTRAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Scott]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AXELROD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DAVIS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FISCHHOFF]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Baruch]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Challenges in researching terrorism from the field]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>355</volume>
<numero>6323</numero>
<issue>6323</issue>
<page-range>352-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AUGÉ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benjamin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mozambique: les Défis Sécuritaires, Politiques et Géopolitiques du Boom Gazier]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IFRI]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AUGÉ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benjamin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mozambique: Security, Political and Geopolitical Challenges of the Gas Boom]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IFRI]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BIERSCHENK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SARDAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jean-Pierre Olivier de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Studying the dynamics of African bureaucracies. An introduction to states at work]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[States at Work: Dynamics of African Bureaucracies]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>7</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Leiden ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BONATE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liazzat]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Roots of diversity in Mozambican Islam]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lusotopie]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>127-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BONATE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liazzat]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Muslim memories of the liberation war in Cabo Delgado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kronos: Southern African Histories]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>242</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BONATE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liazzat]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Islamic Insurgency in Cabo Delgado: Extractive Industry, Youth Revolt and Global Terrorism in Northern Mozambique]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of the West Indies]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CRETTIEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xavier]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Penser la radicalisation: une sociologie processuelle des variables de l&#8217;engagement violent]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revue française de science politique]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>709-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DAVID]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Posto policial do Niassa é alvo de ataques de vandalismo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Deutsche Welle]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DIAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexandra M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seis lições para uma intervenção internacional em Cabo Delgado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário de Notícias]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ENGEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ulf]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction special issue: Africa&#8217;s transregional conflicts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparativ]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[EWI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martin]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PLESSIS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anton Du]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Counter-terrorism and pan-africanism: from non-action to non-indifference]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SAUL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ben]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Research Handbook on International Law and Terrorism]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>734--753</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cheltenham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edward Elgar Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FEIJÓ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Caracterização e Organização Social dos Machababos a partir dos Discursos de Mulheres Raptadas]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Observatório do Meio Rural]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HABIBE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Saide]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FORQUILHA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Salvador]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PEREIRA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Radicalização Islâmica no Norte de Moçambique: o Caso de Mocímboa da Praia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Maputo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IESE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HALLIDAY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fred]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modern ideologies: political and religious]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HALLIDAY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fred]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Middle East in International Relations: Power, Politics and Ideology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>193-228</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MACAGNO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lorenzo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Les nouveaux Oulémas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lusotopie]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MACALANE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Geraldo Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JAFAR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvestre]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ataques Terroristas em Cabo Delgado (2017-2020): As Causas do Fenómeno pela Boca da População de Mocímboa da Praia]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Pemba ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidade Rovuma Extensão Cabo Delgado]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARCHAL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roland]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Une lecture de la radicalisation djihadiste en Somalie]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Politique africaine]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>149</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>89-111</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARCHAL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roland]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SALEM]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zekeria Ould Ahmed]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La &#8220;radicalisation&#8221; aide-t-elle à mieux penser?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Politique Africaine]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>149</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARTY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesus Perez]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cabo Delgado na encruzilhada: desafios para o desenvolvimento e a governação num contexto de mudança]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JOAQUIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bidanrratzaga]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALBERDI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desarrolo Humano Local en Mozambique]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>35-56</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bilbau ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[HEGOA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MATEJA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[STRAZZARI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francesco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Securitisation of research: fieldwork under new restrictions in Darfur and Mali]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Third World Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1531-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MCCANDLESS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reconceptualizing the Social Contract in Contexts of Conflict, Fragility and Fraught Transition]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Joanesburgo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of the Witwatersrand School of Governance]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MORIER-GENOUD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Insurgência Jihadi em Moçambique: Origens, Natureza e Início]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Maputo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IESE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ORRE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aslak Jangård]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RØNNING]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mozambique: A Political Economy Analysis]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oslo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Norwegian Institute of International Affairs]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PIRIO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gregory]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PITTELLI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ADAM]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yussuf]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Emergência do Extremismo Violento no Norte de Moçambique]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Africa Center for Strategic Studies]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROBINSON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Muslim Societies in African History]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nova York-Port Melbourne-Cape Town ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SANTOS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Almeida dos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guerra no Norte de Moçambique, Uma Região Rica em Recursos Naturais - Seis Cenários]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bergen ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Christopher Michelsen Institute]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SEDGWICK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The concept of radicalization as a source of confusion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Terrorism and Political Violence]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>479-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SHELL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert C.-H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Islam in Southern Africa, 1652-1998]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LEVTZION]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nehemia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[POUWELS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Randall L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The History of Islam in Africa]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>327-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SINGH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rashmi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Suicide bombers: victims, heroes or martyrs?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SCHEIPERS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sibylle]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Heroism and the Changing Character of War: Toward Post-Heroic Warfare?]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>251-67</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Basingstoke ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave Macmillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNDP</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Journey to Violent Extremism in Africa: Drivers, Incentives and the Tipping Point for Recruitment]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nova York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNDP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WEIMER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernhard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Vampiros, Jihadistas e Violência Estrutural em Moçambique: Reflexões sobre Manifestações Violentas de Descontentamento Local e as Suas Implicações para a Construção da Paz]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>20</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Maputo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IESE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WILLIAMS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Can Ad Hoc Security Coalitions in Africa Bring Stability?]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IPI Global Observatory]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[YATES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Douglas A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The rise and fall of oil-rentier states in Africa]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GRANT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COMPAORÉ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MITCHELL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[New Approaches to the Governance of Natural Resources: Insights from Africa]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>45-64</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nova York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave MacMillan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
