<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1645-9199</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Relações Internacionais (R:I)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Relações Internacionais]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1645-9199</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IPRI-UNL]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1645-91992021000100163</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23906/ri2021.69a10</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O que aconteceu à Organização Mundial do Comércio?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[What happened to the World Trade Organization?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Pedro Teixeira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,IPRI-NOVA  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>69</numero>
<fpage>163</fpage>
<lpage>179</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1645-91992021000100163&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1645-91992021000100163&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1645-91992021000100163&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo O objectivo deste artigo é responder à questão: o que aconteceu à Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC) que hoje tem um papel diminuto no comércio global? Para o efeito, foi efectuada uma análise exploratória baseada numa pesquisa documental e no uso selectivo da literatura relevante. Primeiro, foi passado em revista o sistema comercial contemporâneo. Em seguida, analisada a descrença na OMC devido ao fracasso da Ronda de Doha. A forma de tomada de decisão e o sistema de resolução de litígios são em seguida analisados. Por último, abordam-se as tendências contraditórias de globalização e de desglobalização, sendo indicadas pistas para futuras investigações.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The main purpose of this article is to answer the following question: what happened to the World Trade Organization (WTO), that today has a small role in global trade? An exploratory analysis was carried out based on a qualitative methodology trough documentary research and the use, albeit selective, of the literature on the subject. The approach was structured as follows. First, a brief analysis of the commercial system. Second, the growing disbelief in the WTO after the failure of the Doha Round. Third, the decision-making and the dispute settlement mechanism. Finally, the contradictory trends of globalization and deglobalization are addressed and topics for further research are also being pointed out.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[OMC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[comércio internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[resolução de litígios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[desglobalização]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[WTO]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[international trade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[deglobalization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dispute settlement]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ASSEMBLEIA DA REPÚBLICA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Resolução n.º 75-B/94 (2.ª Parte), «Acto Final, que consagra os resultados das negociações comerciais multilaterais do Uruguay Round»]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BAGWELL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kyle]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BOWN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chad P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[STAIGER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is the wto passé?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Literature]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1125-231</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BELLO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Walden]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Deglobalization: Ideas for a New World Economy]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Zed books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BHAGWATI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jagdish]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Termites in the Trading System. How Preferential Agreements Undermine Free Trade]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford-Nova York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BOWN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chad]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The 2018 trade war and the end of dispute settlement as we knew it]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[VOX CEPR Policy Portal]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BRANDI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clara]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HELBLE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matthias]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The End of GATT-WTO History? - Reflections on the Future of the post-Doha World Trade Organization]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CSIS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[How influential is China in the World Trade Organization?]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[China power project/Center for Strategic and International Studies]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>EUROPEAN COMMISSION / Trade</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Negotiations and agreements]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>EUROPEAN COMMISSION / Trade</collab>
<source><![CDATA[EU negotiating texts in TTIP]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FERNANDES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Pedro Teixeira]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Elementos de Economia Política Internacional]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Almedina]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FERNANDES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Pedro Teixeira]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Jogos com fronteiras: o regresso do proteccionismo e do mercantilismo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Percursos &amp; Ideias]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>55-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>GRUPO DE LISBOA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Limites à Competição]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Publicações Europa-América]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JONES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kent]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Green room politics and the WTO&#8217;s crisis of representation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Progress in Development Studies]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>349-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>KOF Swiss Economic Institute</collab>
<source><![CDATA[KOF Globalisation Index: Weaker World Trade Slowing Globalisation]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KUCIK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jeffrey]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why Trump&#8217;s wrong about WTO treating us unfairly]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Conversation]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LAÏDI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zaki]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How trade become geopolitics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Policy Journal]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARTIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antoine]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MERCURIO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bryan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Doha dead and buried in Nairobi: lessons for the WTO]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Trade Law and Policy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>49-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MERVYN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Keeping it real: debunking the deglobalization myth, Brexit, and Trump: &#8220;lessons on integration&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Trade Law and Policy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1/2</numero>
<issue>1/2</issue>
<page-range>62-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RODRIK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dani]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Straight Talk on Trade: Ideas for a Sane World Economy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton, NJ ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SAVINA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gygli]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HAELG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Florian]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[POTRAFKE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Niklas]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[STURM]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jan-Egbert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The KOF Globalisation Index - Revisited]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of International Organizations]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>543-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SCHOTT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jeffrey J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JUNG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Euijin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trade and Investment Policy Watch - In US-China trade disputes, the wto usually sides with the United States]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Peterson Institute of International Economics]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[THE Doha round...and round...and round]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Economist]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[THE Doha round finally dies a merciful death]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Financial Times]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[UNITED States Continues to Block New Appellate Body Members for the World Trade Organization, Risking the Collapse of the Appellate Process]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of International Law]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>822-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>US TRADE REPRESENTATIVE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Trade Agreements, TPP full text]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BERGEIJK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the brink of deglobalisation ... again]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>59-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VAN BERGEIJK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Selwyn J. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Research Handbook of Economic Diplomacy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cheltenham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edward Elgar]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>WTO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Appellate Body Members]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>WTO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Doha Round: what are they negotiating?]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>WTO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Glossary - Green Room]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>WTO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>WTO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[The Doha Round]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>WTO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[WTO Legal Texts]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[World Trade Review: Reporters&#8217; Studies of WTO Case Law from World Trade Review]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
