<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1645-9199</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Relações Internacionais (R:I)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Relações Internacionais]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1645-9199</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IPRI-UNL]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1645-91992023000100083</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23906/ri2023.77a09</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Política nuclear americana durante a guerra na Ucrânia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The US nuclear policy during the War in Ukraine]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David Silva]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,CEI - ISCTE  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>77</numero>
<fpage>83</fpage>
<lpage>91</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1645-91992023000100083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1645-91992023000100083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1645-91992023000100083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Os Estados Unidos da América e a Rússia, cuja agenda é dominada por questões estratégicas, possuem mais de 90% das armas nucleares do mundo. Esforços para tentar reduzir o seu número e a sua saliência na estratégia nuclear americana têm sido afetados por resistência doméstica e desenvolvimentos na esfera internacional. Atualmente, ao padrão de desrespeito de Moscovo por tratados de controlo de armamento, num contexto de guerra na Ucrânia, e de repetidas ameaças nucleares russas, junta-se a perceção americana de uma expansão massiva das forças nucleares chinesas. Esses acontecimentos servem de ímpeto à modernização nuclear americana e dificultam o diálogo para limitar os dois maiores arsenais nucleares do mundo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The United States and Russia, whose agenda is dominated by strategic matters, possess more than 90% of the world&#8217;s nuclear weapons. Efforts to reduce their number and salience in American nuclear strategy have been affected by domestic resistance and international developments. Currently, Moscow&#8217;s pattern of disrespect for arms control agreements, in a context of war in Ukraine, and of repeated Russian nuclear threats, is joined by an American perception of a massive expansion of Chinese nuclear forces. Those events serve as an impetus for American nuclear modernization and make dialogue to limit the world&#8217;s two largest nuclear arsenals more difficult.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[armas nucleares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Estados Unidos da América]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Rússia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[China]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nuclear weapons]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[United States of America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Russia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[China]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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