<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1645-9199</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Relações Internacionais (R:I)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Relações Internacionais]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1645-9199</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IPRI-UNL]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1645-91992025000200149</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23906/ri2025.86a10</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O «momento maquiavélico» da União Europeia: alargamento e risco de overstretch]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Devuyst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Youri]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Brussels School of Governance  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bruxelas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Bélgica</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>86</numero>
<fpage>149</fpage>
<lpage>162</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1645-91992025000200149&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1645-91992025000200149&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1645-91992025000200149&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo NosDiscursos sobre a Primeira Década de Tito Lívio, Maquiavel foi pioneiro no estudo da expansão das comunidades e sua sustentabilidade. Mostrou que a expansão por «necessidade» resultou na ruína de uma organização cuja capacidade de decisão e postura de defesa não estavam à altura do desafio. A expansão mal preparada conduzia a comunidade a uma crise com risco de vida - um «momento maquiavélico». O quadro de análise de Maquiavel fornece informações muito pertinentes sobre a situação atual da União Europeia e o seu impulso de alargamento.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In theDiscourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius, Machiavelli pioneered the study of expanding commonwealths and their sustainability. He showed that expansion by &#8216;necessity&#8217; resulted in ruin for a polity whose decision-making capacity and defence posture were not up to the challenge. Badly prepared expansion was poised to bring the commonwealth into a life-threatening crisis - a &#8216;Machiavellian moment&#8217;. Machiavelli&#8217;s framework of analysis provides most pertinent insights into the current predicament of the European Union and its enlargement drive.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Europeia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[alargamento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Maquiavel]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[overstretch]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Union]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[enlargement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Machiavelli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[overstretch]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tugendhat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christopher]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Making Sense of Europe]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Penguin Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
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<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gesine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mutual defence in the European Union? The imperative of article 42.7 in case the United States abandons European defence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CSDS Policy Brief (VUB Brussels School of Governance)]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<numero>37/2024</numero>
<issue>37/2024</issue>
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</back>
</article>
