<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1645-9911</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tékhne - Revista de Estudos Politécnicos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tékhne]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1645-9911</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico do  Cávado e do Ave]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1645-99112006000100008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Estudo de práticas de earnings management nas empresas portuguesas cotadas em bolsa: Identificação de alisamento de resultados e seus factores explicativos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cláudia Araújo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lúcia Lima]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave (IPCA) Escola Superior de Gestão - ESG ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Minho (UM) Escola de Economia e Gestão - EEG ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>5-6</numero>
<fpage>145</fpage>
<lpage>173</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1645-99112006000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1645-99112006000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1645-99112006000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O objectivo da presente investigação consiste, por um lado, em determinar se as opções adoptadas em matéria de políticas contabilísticas se traduzem por um comportamento de alisamento de resultados e, por outro lado, em identificar factores explicativos da incidência de alisamento de resultados, no âmbito de uma amostra de empresas cotadas no Mercado de Cotações Oficiais da actual Euronext Lisboa, ao longo de um período de 5 anos. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo confirmam que as empresas da amostra desenvolvem activamente práticas de alisamento contabilístico dos resultados e que a proporção de juros suportados, a estrutura de propriedade e o sector de actividade são os factores que mais contribuem para explicar este comportamento.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The purpose of the present investigation is twofold. First, we seek to determine if the existence of alternative options in terms of accounting policies induces income smoothing behavior. Second, we pretend to identify the explanatory factors of the incidence of income smoothing. Our research sample comprises companies listed on the Main Market of the present Euronext Lisbon, over a period of five years. The results of this study confirm that our sample companies are actively engaged in accounting income smoothing practices. Furthermore, among the many variables considered, the proportion of interest borne, the ownership structure, and the activity sector proved to be the factors which have largely contributed to explain such behavior.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[earnings management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[alisamento de resultados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[discricionaridade contabilística]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[earnings management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[income smoothing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[discretionary accounting]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><b>Estudo de práticas de <i>earnings management</i> nas empresas    portuguesas cotadas em bolsa: Identificação de alisamento de resultados e seus    factores explicativos</b></p>      <P>&nbsp;</P>      <p align="center">Cl&aacute;udia Ara&uacute;jo Mendes<sup><a href="#1">*</a><a name="top1"></a></sup>,    L&uacute;cia Lima Rodrigues<sup><a href="#2">**</a><a name="top2"></a></sup></p>      <P>&nbsp;</P>      <p align="center"><a href="mailto:cmendes@ipca.pt">cmendes@ipca.pt</a>, <a href="mailto:lrodrigues@eeg.uminho.pt">lrodrigues@eeg.uminho.pt</a></p>      <P>&nbsp;</P>      <p align="justify"><b>Resumo.</b> O objectivo da presente investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o    consiste, por um lado, em determinar se as op&ccedil;&otilde;es adoptadas em    mat&eacute;ria de pol&iacute;ticas contabil&iacute;sticas se traduzem por um    comportamento de alisamento de resultados e, por outro lado, em identificar    factores explicativos da incid&ecirc;ncia de alisamento de resultados, no &acirc;mbito    de uma amostra de empresas cotadas no Mercado de Cota&ccedil;&otilde;es Oficiais    da actual Euronext Lisboa, ao longo de um per&iacute;odo de 5 anos. Os resultados    obtidos neste estudo confirmam que as empresas da amostra desenvolvem activamente    pr&aacute;ticas de alisamento contabil&iacute;stico dos resultados e que a propor&ccedil;&atilde;o    de juros suportados, a estrutura de propriedade e o sector de actividade s&atilde;o    os factores que mais contribuem para explicar este comportamento.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Palavras-chave:</b> <i>earnings management</i>, alisamento de resultados,    discricionaridade contabil&iacute;stica</p>      <P>&nbsp;</P>      <p align="justify"><b>Abstract.</b> The purpose of the present investigation is    twofold. First, we seek to determine if the existence of alternative options    in terms of accounting policies induces income smoothing behavior. Second, we    pretend to identify the explanatory factors of the incidence of income smoothing.    Our research sample comprises companies listed on the Main Market of the present    Euronext Lisbon, over a period of five years. The results of this study confirm    that our sample companies are actively engaged in accounting income smoothing    practices. Furthermore, among the many variables considered, the proportion    of interest borne, the ownership structure, and the activity sector proved to    be the factors which have largely contributed to explain such behavior.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><b>Keywords:</b> earnings management, income smoothing, discretionary    accounting</p>      <P>&nbsp;</P>      <P>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</P>     <P>Full text only available in PDF format.</P>      <P>&nbsp;</P>      <p><b>Refer&ecirc;ncias Bibliogr&aacute;ficas</b></p>      <!-- ref --><p>Albrecht, W.D. &amp; Richardson, F.M. (1990). Income smoothing by economy sector.    <i>Journal of Business Finance and Accounting</i>, 7 (5), Winter, 713-730. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000019&pid=S1645-9911200600010000800001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Amihud, Y., Kamin, J.Y. &amp; Ronen, J. (1983). &#8216;Managerialism&#8217;,    &#8216;ownerism&#8217; and risk&#8221;. <i>Journal of Banking and Finance</i>, 7 (2),    June, 189-196.</p>      <p>Archibald, T.R. (1967). The return to straight-line depreciation: An analysis    of a change in accounting method. <i>Journal of Accounting Research, Empirical    Research in Accounting, Selected Studies</i> 5 (Supplement), 164-180.</p>      <p>Ashari, N., Koh, H.C., Tan, S.L. &amp; Wong, W.H. (1994). Factors affecting    income smoothing among listed companies in Singapore. <i>Accounting and Business    Research</i>, 24 (96), 291-301.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Beattie, V., Brown, S., Ewers, D., John, B., Manson, S., Thomas, D. &amp; Turner,    M. (1994). Extraordinary items and income smoothing: A positive accounting approach.    <i>Journal of Business Finance and Accounting</i>, 21 (6), September, 791-811.</p>      <p>Belkaoui, A. &amp; Picur, R.D. (1984). The smoothing of income numbers: Some    empirical evidence on systematic differences between core and periphery industrial    sectors. <i>Journal of Business Finance and Accounting</i>, 11 (4), Winter, 527-545.</p>      <p>Bhat, V.N. (1996). Banks and income smoothing: An empirical analysis. <i>Applied    Financial Economics</i>, 6 (6), December, 505-510. </p>      <p>Booth, G.G., Kallunki, J.P. &amp; Martikainen, T. (1996). Post-announcement    drift and income smoothing: Finnish evidence. <i>Journal of Business Finance and    Accounting</i>, 23 (8), October, 1197-1211.</p>      <p>Breton, G. &amp; Chenail, J.P. (1997). Une &eacute;tude empirique du lissage    des b&eacute;n&eacute;fices dans les entreprises canadiennes. <i>Comptabilit&eacute;    &#8211; Contr&ocirc;le &#8211; Audit</i>, 3 (1), Mars, 53-67.</p>      <p>Carlson, S.J. &amp; Bathala, C.T. (1997). Ownership differences and firms&#8217;    income smoothing behaviour. <i>Journal of Business Finance and Accounting</i>, 24 (2),    March, 179-196. </p>      <p>Chalayer, S. (1994). Identification et motivations des pratiques de lissage    des r&eacute;sultats comptables des entreprises fran&ccedil;aises cot&eacute;es    en Bourse. Tese de Doutoramento em Ci&ecirc;ncias de Gest&atilde;o, Universidade    de Saint-Etienne. </p>      <p>Chaney, P.K. &amp; Lewis, C.M. (1995). Earnings management and firm valuation    under asymmetric information. <i>Journal of Corporate Finance</i>, 319-345.</p>      <p>Chaney, P.K. &amp; Lewis, C.M. (1998). Income smoothing and underperformance    in initial public offerings. <i>Journal of Corporate Finance</i>, 4, 1-29.</p>      <p>Copeland, R.M. (1968). Income smoothing. <i>Journal of Accounting Research, Empirical    Research in Accounting, Selected Studies</i> 6 (Supplement), 101-116. </p>      ]]></body>
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<body><![CDATA[<p>I&ntilde;iguez, R. &amp; Poveda, F. (2004). Long-run abnormal returns and income    smoothing in the spanish stock market. <i>European Accounting Review</i>, 13 (1), 105-130.</p>      <p>Kamin, J.Y. &amp; Ronen, J. (1978). The smoothing of income numbers: Some empirical    evidence on systematic differences among management-controlled and owner-controlled    firms. <i>Accounting, Organizations and Society</i>, 3 (2), 141-157.</p>      <p>Kinnear, P.R. &amp; Gray, C.D. (2001). <i>SPSS for windows made simple - Release    10. U.K.</i>: Psychology Press, Ltd.</p>      <p>Kinnunen, J., Kasanen E. &amp; Niskanen J. (1995). Earnings management and    the economy sector hypothesis: Empirical evidence on a converse relationship    in the finnish case. <i>Journal of Business Finance and Accounting</i>, 22 (4), 497-520.</p>      <p>Koch, B.S. (1981). Income smoothing: An experiment. <i>The Accounting Review</i>,    56 (3), July, 574-586. </p>      <p>Lambert, R.A. (1984). Income smoothing as rational equilibrium behaviour. <i>The    Accounting Review</i>, 59 (4), October, 604-618.</p>      <p>Lev, B. &amp; Kunitzky, S. (1974). On the association between smoothing measures    and the risk of common stocks. <i>The Accounting Review</i>, 49 (2), April, 259-270. </p>      <p>Mendes, C. &amp; Rodrigues, L. (2005). Identificaci&oacute;n de pr&aacute;cticas    de alisamiento de resultados en el mercado de capitales portugu&eacute;s. Comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o    apresentada no &#8220;Primer Congreso Catal&aacute;n de Contabilidad y Direcci&oacute;n&#8221;,    Barcelona, Maio, 1-29.</p>      <p>Michelson, S.E., Jordan-Wagner, J. &amp; Wootton, C.W. (1995). A market based    analysis of income smoothing. <i>Journal of Business Finance and Accounting</i>, 22    (8), December, 1179-1193.</p>      <p>Michelson, S.E., Jordan-Wagner, J. &amp; Wootton, C.W. (2000). The relationship    between the smoothing of reported income and risk-adjusted returns. <i>Journal    of Economics and Finance</i>, 24 (2), Summer, 141-159.</p>      ]]></body>
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<body><![CDATA[<p><sup><a href="#top1">*</a></sup><a href="#top1"> </a><a name="1"></a>ESG -    Escola Superior de Gest&atilde;o, Instituto Polit&eacute;cnico do C&aacute;vado    e do Ave (IPCA)</p>     <p><sup><a href="#top2">**</a><a name="2"></a></sup> EEG - Escola de Economia    e Gest&atilde;o, Universidade do Minho (UM)</p>       ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albrecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Income smoothing by economy sector.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Business Finance and Accounting]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>713-730</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
