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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1645-9911</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tékhne - Revista de Estudos Politécnicos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tékhne]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1645-9911</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico do  Cávado e do Ave]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1645-99112008000200014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O género e os estereótipos na gestão]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loureiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Cabral]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave Escola Superior de Gestão ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Minho Escola de Economia e Gestão ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>10</numero>
<fpage>221</fpage>
<lpage>238</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1645-99112008000200014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1645-99112008000200014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1645-99112008000200014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Este estudo procura abordar o fenómeno da discriminação das mulheres na gestão, analisando o impacto que as características de género e os estereótipos sexuais exercem quer sobre as suas vidas profissionais quer sobre as políticas e práticas da maioria das organizações. Se, por um lado, é possível concluir que actualmente o número de gestoras é consideravelmente maior que há duas décadas atrás, por outro lado, verifica-se que a gestão e a liderança continuam muito associadas às características do sexo masculino. Tendo em conta este contexto social e organizacional adverso, o estudo procura ainda analisar as estratégias de gestão do género adoptadas pelas mulheres no sentido de melhor integrarem as culturas organizacionais.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This paper presents the phenomena of women discrimination in management giving a special attention to the consequences of gender and managerial stereotypes in their lives and in the policies and practices of most organizations.Despite the growing number of women in management during the last decades, its possible concludes that good manager or leader is still perceived as predominantly masculine. Take into account this social and organizational adverse context, this paper also analyse the gender management strategies used by women to integrate corporate cultures.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Discriminação sexual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[estereótipos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[características de género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[sexualidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[conflito trabalho-família]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[gestão do género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[gestão]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[liderança]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cultura organizacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sexual discrimination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stereotypes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gender characteristics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sexuality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[work-family conflict]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gender management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[leadership]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[organizational culture]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><b>O género e os estereótipos na gestão </b></p>     <p align="center"><b>&nbsp;</b></p>     <p align="center">Paula Loureiro[<a href="#1">1</a>] Carlos Cabral Cardoso[<a href="#2">2</a>]<a name="top1"></a><a name="top2"></a></p>     <p align="center"><a href="mailto:ploureiro@ipca.pt">ploureiro@ipca.pt</a>; <a href="mailto:ccabral@eeg.uminho.pt">ccabral@eeg.uminho.pt</a></p>     <p align="center">(recebido em 19 de Junho de 2008; aceite em 5 de Novembro de    2008)</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Resumo.</b> Este estudo procura abordar o fenómeno da discriminação das mulheres na gestão, analisando o impacto que as características de género e os estereótipos sexuais exercem quer sobre as suas vidas profissionais quer sobre as políticas e práticas da maioria das organizações. Se, por um lado, é possível concluir que actualmente o número de gestoras é consideravelmente maior que há duas décadas atrás, por outro lado, verifica-se que a gestão e a liderança continuam muito associadas às características do sexo masculino. Tendo em conta este contexto social e organizacional adverso, o estudo procura ainda analisar as estratégias de gestão do género adoptadas pelas mulheres no sentido de melhor integrarem as culturas organizacionais.</p>      <p><b>Palavras-chave:</b> Discriminação sexual, estereótipos, características    de género, sexualidade, conflito trabalho-família, gestão do género, gestão,    liderança, cultura organizacional </p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><b>Abstract. </b>This paper presents the phenomena of women discrimination in management giving a special attention to the consequences of gender and managerial stereotypes in their lives and in the policies and practices of most organizations.Despite the growing number of women in management during the last decades, its possible concludes that good manager or leader is still perceived as predominantly masculine. Take into account this social and organizational adverse context, this paper also analyse the gender management strategies used by women to integrate corporate cultures.</p>      <p><b>Keywords:</b> Sexual discrimination, stereotypes, gender characteristics,    sexuality, work-family conflict, gender management, management, leadership,    organizational culture.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>Referências Bibliográficas</b></p>      <!-- ref --><p>Adams, B. (2000). Role conflict: Women managers. <i>Humanities and Social Sciences</i>, 61(2), 674-682.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000022&pid=S1645-9911200800020001400001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Amâncio, Lígia (1998). <i>Masculino e feminino. A construção social da diferença</i>. Porto: Edições Afrontamento.</p>      <p>Bhatnagar, D. &amp; Swamy R. (1995). Attitudes toward women as managers. Does interaction make a difference? <i>Human Relations</i>, 48(11), 1285-1307.</p>      <p>Brenner, O. C., Tomkiewicz, J. &amp; Schein V. E. (1989). The relationship between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics revisited. <i>Academy of Management Journal</i>, 32(3), 662-669.</p>      <p>Collinson, David (2001). Managing like a man: Women and men in corporate management. <i>Journal of Management Studies</i>, 38(8), 1217-1220.</p>      <p>Dobbins, G. H. &amp; Platz S. J. (1986). Sex differences in leadership: how real are they? <i>Academy of Management Review</i><b>,</b> 11 (1), 118-27.</p>      <p>Donnel, S. M. &amp; Hall J. (1980). Men and women as managers: a significant case of no significant differences. <i>Organizational Dynamics</i>, 8 (1), 60-77.</p>      <p>Eddleston, K. A., Veiga, J. F. &amp; Powell, G. N. (2006). Explaining sex differences in managerial satisfier preferences: The role of gender self-schema. <i>Journal of Applied Psychology</i>, 91(2), 437-445.</p>      <p>Edwards C., Robinson O., Welchman R. &amp; Woodall J. (1999). Lost opportunities? Organizational restructuring and women managers. <i>Human Resource Journal</i>, 9(1), 55-64.</p>      <p>Ensher, E. A., Grant-Vallone, E. J. &amp; Donaldson, S. I. (2001). Effects of perceived discrimination on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviour and grievances. <i>Human Resource Management Quartely</i>, 12(1), 53-72. </p>      <p>Fagenson, E. A. (1993). Diversity in management: introduction and the importance of women in management. In E. A. Fagenson (Ed.) <i>Women in management</i> (pp. 3-15) London: Sage.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Forret, M. L. &amp; Dougherty, T. W. (2004). Networking behaviors and career outcomes: differences for men and women? <i>Journal of Organizational Behavior</i>, 25, 419-437.</p>      <p>Grant, J. (2000). Women managers and the gendered construction of personal relationships. <i>Journal of Family Issues</i>, 21(8), 963-985.</p>      <p>Greenhaus, J. H., Bedian, A. G. &amp; Mossholder K. W. (1987). Work experiences, job performance, and feelings of personal and family well being. <i>Journal of Vocational Behavior</i>, 33(1), 200-215.</p>      <p>Gutek, B. A (1985). <i>Sex in the workplace</i>. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.</p>      <p>Gutek, B., Searle, S. &amp; Klepa L. (1991). Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict. <i>Journal of Applied Psychology</i>, 76 (4), 560-568.</p>      <p>Hearn, J., D. L. Sheppard, Tancred-Sheriff, P. &amp; Burrel G. (1989). <i>The sexuality of organization</i>. London: Sage.</p>      <p>Helgesen, S. (1990). <i>The female advantage: Women’s way of leadership</i>. New York. Doubleday Currency.</p>      <p>Kirchmeyer, C. (1995). Managing the work-nonwork boundary: An assessment of organizational responses. <i>Journal of Business Ethics</i>, 37, 5-24.</p>      <p>Kirchmeyer, C. (2002). Gender diffences in managerial careers: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. <i>Human Relations</i>, 48(5), 515-535.</p>      <p>Lipman-Blumen, J. (1984). <i>Gender roles and power</i>. Englewoods Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Northcraft, G. B. &amp; Gutek B. (1993) Point-conterpoint: discrimination against women in management – going, going, gone or going but never gone? In E. A. Fagenson (Ed.), <i>Women in management </i>(pp.219-241). London: Sage.</p>      <p>O’Leary, V. E. &amp; Ickovicks J. R. (1992). Cracking the glass ceiling: overcoming isolation and alienation. In<i> </i>U. Sekaran &amp; F. T. Leong (Eds.), <i>Womanpower: managing in times of demographic turbulence</i> (pp. 7-30). Newbury Park: Sage.</p>      <p>O’Neil, D., Hopkins, M. M. &amp; Bilimoria D. (2008). Women’s careers at the start of the 21<sup>st</sup> century: patterns and paradoxes. <i>Journal of Business Ethics</i>, 80, 727-743.</p>      <p>Powell, G. N. (1993). <i>Women and men in management</i> (2nd Edition). Newbary Park: Sage.</p>      <p>Powell, G. N., Butterfield, D. A. &amp; Parent, J. D. (2002). Gender and managerial stereotypes: Have the times changed? <i>Journal of Management</i>, 28(2), 177-193.</p>      <p>Powell, G. N., Butterfield, D. A., Alves, J. C &amp; Bartol, K. M. (2004). Sex effects in evaluations of transformational and transactional leaders. <i>Academy of Management Best Conference Paper GDO.</i></p>      <p>Reciniello, S. (1999). The emergence of a powerful female workforce as a threat to organizational identity: What psychoanalysis can offer? <i>The American Behavioral Scientist</i>, 43(2), 301-323.</p>      <p>Rowe, M. (1999). When will women hit the top? <i>Lodging Hospitality</i>, 55 (11), 39-42.</p>      <p>Schein, E. H. (1989). The relationship between sex roles stereotypes and requisite management characteristics among female managers. <i>Journal of Applied Psychology</i>, 60(3), 340-4.</p>      <p>Sheppard, D. L. (1989). Organization, power and sexuality: the image and self image of women managers. In J Hearn, D. L. Sheppard, P. Tancred –Sheriff &amp; G. Burnel (Eds.), <i>The sexuality of organizations</i> (pp. 139-157). London: Sage.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Thompson, C. A., Thomas, C. C. &amp; Maier M. (1992). Work-family conflict: reassessing policies and initiatives. In U. Sekaran &amp; F. T. Leong (Eds.), <i>Womanpower: managing in times of demographic turbulence</i>  (pp. 59-84). Newbury Park: Sage.</p>      <p>Wahn, J. C. (1998). Sex differences in the continuance component of organizational commitment. <i>Group &amp; Organization Management</i>, 23(3), 256-266.</p>      <p>Withehead, S. (2001). Women as manager: A seductive ontology. <i>Gender Work and Organization</i>, 8(1), 84-107.</p>      <p>Woodall, J., Edwards, C. &amp; Welchman R. (1997). Organizational restructuring and the achievement of equal opportunity culture. <i>Gender, Work and Organizational</i>, 4(1), 2-11.</p>      <p>Yamagata, H. (1999). Dynamics of gender inequality in the federal government over a quarter of a century. <i>Humanities-and-Social-Sciences</i>, 60(6), 2258-2270.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><sup>[<a name="1"></a><a href="#top1">1</a>]</sup> Assistente na Escola Superior    de Gestão do Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave</p>       <p><sup>[<a name="2"></a><a href="#top2">2</a>]</sup> Professor Associado (Com    Agregação) na Escola de Economia e Gestão da Universidade do Minho</p>       ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Role conflict: Women managers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Humanities and Social Sciences]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>61</volume><volume>2</volume>
<page-range>674-682</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
