<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1646-107X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Motricidade]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Motri.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1646-107X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edições Desafio Singular]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1646-107X2008000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Exercício físico, IgA salivar e estados emocionais da pessoa idosa]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Physical exercise, salivary IgA and mood states of elderly people]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raul]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fátima]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Rosário]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mafalda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Maria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra Laboratório de Patologia Clínica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Coimbra Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>11</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1646-107X2008000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1646-107X2008000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1646-107X2008000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[É genericamente aceite que a idade está associada à imunosenescência. Por outro lado, a actividade física tem sido consistentemente relacionada com estados de humor e afecto positivos motivando, igualmente, ganhos no bem-estar psicológico e no afecto positivo. Carece ainda de fundamentação mais alargada a demonstração de que esses efeitos são extensíveis à pessoa idosa. O propósito do presente trabalho consiste em averiguar as adaptações crónicas da aptidão física funcional e imunoglobulina A salivar da pessoa idosa a um programa de exercício físico. Simultaneamente, serão analisados os estados de humor dessa população no início e no final do programa. Participaram 28 sujeitos com idades compreendidas entre os 65 e os 95 anos. O grupo de exercício cumpriu um programa de exercícios físicos durante 16 semanas, com uma frequência de 3 sessões semanais. A análise comparativa dos dados foi efectuada através do recurso ao teste de Wilcoxon. Verificaram-se alterações positivas na aptidão física funcional que reforçam o princípio da treinabilidade dos idosos. Os dados apontam também para uma melhoria dos estados de humor após o exercício físico e para um efeito crónico imunoprotector.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[It is generally accepted that the aging process is associated with immunosenescence. On the other hand, physical activity has been consistently associated with positive states of affection and mood which also implies gains on psychological well-being. However, more studies are needed to support the benefit effect of exercise on specific population groups like the elderly. The purpose of the present work is to study the functional fitness, mood states and salivary IgA chronic adaptations after a physical exercise program. 28 subjects aged between 65 and 95 years old participated in this study. The experimental group exercised during 16 weeks, 3 times per week. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the data. The results showed positive changes on the functional fitness that reinforce the trainability principle of the older person. The data shows also an improvement in mood states and chronic positive effects on salivary IgA after the exercise program.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[aptidão física funcional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[idosos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[IgA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[estados emocionais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[exercício físico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Functional fitness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[elderly]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[IgA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mood states]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[physical exercise]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><b>Exerc&iacute;cio f&iacute;sico, IgA salivar e estados emocionais    da pessoa idosa</b></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center">Raul Martins<sup>1</sup>, </p>     <p align="center">F&aacute;tima Rosado<sup>1</sup>, </p>     <p align="center">Maria Ros&aacute;rio Cunha<sup>2</sup>, </p>     <p align="center">Mafalda Martins<sup>2</sup> </p>     <p align="center">Ana Maria Teixeira<sup>1</sup></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center">1 - Faculdade de Ci&ecirc;ncias do Desporto e Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o    F&iacute;sica da Universidade de Coimbra. </p>     <p align="center">2 - Laborat&oacute;rio de Patologia Cl&iacute;nica dos Hospitais    da Universidade de Coimbra</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>RESUMO</b></p>     <p>&Eacute;      genericamente aceite que a idade est&aacute; associada &agrave; imunosenesc&ecirc;ncia.      Por outro lado, a actividade f&iacute;sica tem sido consistentemente relacionada      com estados de humor e afecto positivos motivando, igualmente, ganhos no      bem-estar psicol&oacute;gico e no afecto positivo. Carece ainda de fundamenta&ccedil;&atilde;o      mais alargada a demonstra&ccedil;&atilde;o de que esses efeitos s&atilde;o      extens&iacute;veis &agrave; pessoa idosa. </p>       <p>O      prop&oacute;sito do presente trabalho consiste em averiguar as adapta&ccedil;&otilde;es      cr&oacute;nicas da aptid&atilde;o f&iacute;sica funcional e imunoglobulina      A salivar da pessoa idosa a um programa de exerc&iacute;cio f&iacute;sico.      Simultaneamente, ser&atilde;o analisados os estados de humor dessa popula&ccedil;&atilde;o      no in&iacute;cio e no final do programa. </p>       <p>Participaram 28 sujeitos com idades compreendidas entre os 65 e os 95 anos. O grupo      de exerc&iacute;cio cumpriu um programa de exerc&iacute;cios f&iacute;sicos      durante 16 semanas, com uma frequ&ecirc;ncia de 3 sess&otilde;es semanais.      A an&aacute;lise comparativa dos dados foi efectuada atrav&eacute;s do recurso      ao teste de Wilcoxon. </p>        <p>Verificaram-se altera&ccedil;&otilde;es positivas na aptid&atilde;o f&iacute;sica    funcional que refor&ccedil;am o princ&iacute;pio da treinabilidade dos idosos.    Os dados apontam tamb&eacute;m para uma melhoria dos estados de humor ap&oacute;s    o exerc&iacute;cio f&iacute;sico e para um efeito cr&oacute;nico imunoprotector.</p>        <p><b>Palavras-Chave</b>: aptid&atilde;o f&iacute;sica funcional; idosos; IgA;    estados emocionais; exerc&iacute;cio f&iacute;sico.</p>        <p>&nbsp;</p>        <p>&nbsp;</p>        ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><b>Physical exercise, salivary IgA and mood states of elderly people</b></p>     <p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p>     <p>It is generally accepted that the aging process is associated with immunosenescence.    On the other hand, physical activity has been consistently associated with positive    states of affection and mood which also implies gains on psychological well-being.    However, more studies are needed to support the benefit effect of exercise on    specific population groups like the elderly.</p>       <p>The purpose of the present work is to study the functional fitness, mood states and salivary IgA chronic adaptations after a physical exercise program.</p>      <p>28 subjects aged between 65 and 95 years old participated in this study. The experimental group exercised during 16 weeks, 3 times per week. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the data.</p>      <p>The results showed positive changes on the functional fitness that reinforce the trainability principle of the older person. The data shows also an improvement in mood states and chronic positive effects on salivary IgA after the exercise program.&nbsp; </p>      <p><b>Key Words</b>: Functional fitness; elderly; IgA; mood states; physical exercise.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>           <p><b>REFER&Ecirc;NCIAS</b></p>     <!-- ref --><p>1. Akimoto T, Kumai Y, Akama T, Hayashi E, Murakami H, Soma R, Kuno S, Kono    I (2003). Effects of 12 months of exercise training on salivary secretory IgA    levels in elderly subjects. <i>Br J Sports Medicine</i>, 37:76-79.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000037&pid=S1646-107X200800010000200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>2. Biddle SJH (2000).&nbsp; Emotion, mood and physical activity. In SJH Bidle, KR Fox, SH Boutcher (Eds.), <i>Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being</i> (pp. 63-87). London: Routledge.</p>      <p>3. Drela N, Kozdron E, Szczypiorski P (2004). Moderate exercise may attenuate some aspects of immunosenescence. <i>BMC Geriatr,</i> 29:4-8.</p>      <p>4. Gaspar B, Castelo R, Martins R, Teixeira AM (2004). Health-related fitness and mood states in an elderly population, after a physical exercise program. In JP Ferreira, PM Gaspar, CF Ribeiro, AM Teixeira &amp; C Senra (Eds.), <i>Physical Activity and Promotion of Mental Health</i> (pp. 89-92). Coimbra: FCDEF-UC.</p>      <p>5. Jones CJ, Rose DJ (2005). <i>Physical Activity Instruction of Older Adults </i>(pp. 37-53). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.</p>      <p>6. Kohut ML, Senchina DS (2004). Reversing age-associated immunosenescence via exercise. <i>Exerc Immunol Rev</i>, 10:6-41. </p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>7. Martins R, Gomes C, Sobral F (2002). Exerc&iacute;cio f&iacute;sico no idoso &#8211; estudo comparativo da condi&ccedil;&atilde;o f&iacute;sica num grupo de idosas sedent&aacute;rias, antes e ap&oacute;s um programa de exerc&iacute;cios f&iacute;sicos. <i>Geriatria</i>, XV(147):9-18</p>      <p>8. Nakamura H, Matsuzaki I, Sasahara S, Hatta K, Nagase H, Oshita Y, Ogawa Y, Nobukuni Y, Kambayashi Y, Ogino K (2003). Enhancement of a sense of coherence and natural killer cell activity which occurred in subjects who improved their exercise habits through health education in the workplace. <i>J Occup Health, </i>45(5):278-85.</p>      <p>9. Nicoletti C, Yang X, Cerny J (1993). Repertoire diversity of antibody response to bacterial antigens in aged mice. III. Phosphorylcholine antibody from young and aged mice differ in structure and protective activity against infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. <i>J Immunol</i>, 150(2):543-9.</p>      <p>10. Novas AM, Rowbottom DG, Jenkins DG (2003). Tennis, incidence of URTI and salivary IgA. <i>Int J Sports Med</i>, 24(3):223-229.</p>      <p>11. Ogawa K, Oka J, Yamakawa J, Higuchi M (2005). A single bout of exercise influences natural killer cells in elderly women, especially those who are habitually active. <i>J Strength Cond Res</i>., 19(1):45-50.</p>      <p>12. Powers DC, Belshe RB (1993).Effect of age on cytotoxic T lymphocyte memory as well as serum and local antibody responses elicited by inactivated influenza virus vaccine. <i>J Infect Dis</i>, 167(3):584-592.</p>      <p>13. Rikli RE, Jones CJ (1999). Development and validation of a functional fitness test for community-residing older adults. <i>JAging and Physical Activity</i>, 1999a; 7: 129-161.</p>      <p>14. Shephard R (1997). <i>Aging, Physical Activity and Health</i>. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.</p>      <p>15. Spirduso WW, Francis KL, MacRae PG (2005). <i>Physical Dimensions of Aging, 2<sup>nd</sup> Ed. </i>(pp.1-30). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.</p>      <p>16. Teixeira AM, Martins R, Martins M, Cunha MR (2005). Functional fitness, mood states, and salivary IgA responses to an exercise program in an elderly population. In K Kelley, M Irwin, R Dantzer &amp; V Sanders (Eds.), <i>7<sup>th</sup> ISEI Symposium Abstracts</i> - <i>Brain, Behavior, and Immunity,</i> 19(5):485-86.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>17. Teixeira AM, Cunha MR, Martins M, Martins, R (2004). Mobility-related fitness, salivary IgA and mood states in an elderly population, after a physical exercise program. In E Van Praagh, J Coudert, N Fellmann, P Duch&eacute; (Eds.), <i>9<sup>th</sup> Annual Congress  European College of Sport Science &#8211; Book of Abstracts</i> (pp. 89). Clermont-Ferrand: ECSS.</p>      <p>18. Viana M, Cruz J (1993). <i>Perfil dos Estados de Humor (POMS - Vers&atilde;o    Reduzida): Tradu&ccedil;&atilde;o e adapta&ccedil;&atilde;o</i>. Braga: Universidade    do Minho.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Correspond&ecirc;ncia: </p>     <p>Raul Martins</p>     <p>Faculdade de Ci&ecirc;ncias do Desporto e Educa&ccedil;&atilde;o F&iacute;sica  </p>     <p>Est&aacute;dio Universit&aacute;rio &#8211; Pavilh&atilde;o III, Santa Clara</p>     <p>3040-156 Coimbra</p>     <p>E-mail: <a href="mailto:raulmartins@fcdef.uc.pt">raulmartins@fcdef.uc.pt</a>  </p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akimoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murakami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of 12 months of exercise training on salivary secretory IgA levels in elderly subjects.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Sports Medicine]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>76-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
