A. Querido 2, J.Santos-Silva 1,2, M.A. Silva 1
The planning of the training process in is commonly recognized as a fundamental aspect for the correct and harmonious development of the capacities and to improve sports results. The aim of this paper was to present an example of a macrocyle of training in a group of adapted swimmers. The group includes 5 swimmers, being 4 male and 1 female: three swimmers with Down syndrome, one swimmer with intellectual disability and one swimmer with autism. The macrocycle of training was subdivided in 23 weeks: 15 belonging to the General Preparation Period, 4 to the Specific Preparation Period, 2 to the Competitive Period, culminating with the Winter National Championships, and 2 to the Transition Period trying. At the Winter National Championships, the most important competition of this macrocycle, these swimmers obtained 7 national titles, 4 national vice-champions titles and 2 third places. These results gave the swimmers an important incentive to keep up the good work.
Key words: swimming, periodization, disability swimmers
The Maia Swimming Club began its activity in 2000, and in the season 2007/2008 has accomplished the dream to constitute a group of adapted swimming, doing systematic training together, continuing for the season of 2008/2009. The Maia Swimming Club has, at this moment, five swimmers in these conditions, all of them with intellectual disability, who participate in competitions promoted by the National Association of Sport for the Intellectual Disability.
Methods
The group includes 5 swimmers, being 4 male and 1 female: three 16 year-old swimmers with Down Syndrome, being this a genetic disturbance caused by the presence of an extra 21 chromosome, total or partially; one 17 year-old swimmer with intellectual disability that results, almost all times, of a cerebral structure alteration, caused by genetic factors, in the intra-uterine life, to the birth or in the postnatal life; and one 12 year-old swimmer with autism, that we can define as a neuropsychiatric disturbance that presents a great variety of clinical expressions and as being the result of multifarious dysfunctions of the development of the central nervous system, affecting the person's ability to communicate, to establish relationships and to answer adequately to the environment.
]]>Results and Discussion
The planning of the training process in Swimming is unanimously recognized as a fundamental aspect for the correct and harmonious development of the capacities and, consequently, of the swimmer's results (Fernandes, Morouço, Querido & Santos-Silva, 2003).
Table 1. Percentages of the specific training areas and technique work in training volume function
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| Microcyles | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ]]> 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||
| Specific training areas ]]> (%, Vol.)
Ca – Aerobic capacity Pa – aerobic power Tl – lactic tolerance Vel – Speed TT – technique work
| Ca1 | 100% | ]]> 89,2% | 63,6% | 69,1% | 63,6% | 69,2% | 67,3% | 73,1% | 85,5% | 79,3% | 89,2% | ]]> 58,9% |
| Ca2 |
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| 26% | 21,8% | 31,2% | 29% | 27,6% | 17,3% | ]]> 9,1% | 12,8% | 8,4% | 36,8% | |
| Pa |
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| 5,2% | 7,3% |
| ]]> 1,8% |
| 7,7% |
| 2,2% |
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| |
| Tl |
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| ]]> |
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| 3,4% |
| 3,6% | 3,9% | 2,4% | 2,1% | |
| ]]> Vel |
| 10,8% | 5,2% | 1,8% | 5,2% |
| 1,7% | 1,9% | 1,8% | ]]> 1,8% |
| 2,2% | |
| TT | 51,3% | 36% | 26% | 33,6% | 20,8% | 33,3% | ]]> 25,9% | 30,8% | 47,3% | 30,9% | 35,4% | 28,2% | |
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| 13 | 14 | 15 | ]]> 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 |
| |
| Ca1 | ]]> 71,4% | 61% | 69,5% | 69,1% | 68,8% | 75,7% | 79,9% | 85,9% | 89,1% | 93% | ]]> 83,5% |
| |
| Ca2 | 21,2% | 32,4% | 28,6% | 17,4% | 21,2% | 14,8% | 12,5% | ]]> 8,4% | 6,5% | 5,2% | 10,4% |
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| Pa | 2,9% |
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| 4,7% | ]]> 3,4% | 2,6% | 1,8% | 2,4% | 1,7% |
| 2,8% |
| |
| Tl | 3,1% | ]]> |
| 8,8% | 5,2% | 4,9% | 5,8% | 2,3% | 1,2% |
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| ]]> | |
| Vel | 1,4% | 6,6% | 1,9% |
| 1,4% | 2% |
| 1% | ]]> 1,5% | 1,8% | 3,3% |
| |
| TT | 38,2% | 29,8% | 28,3% | 32,8% | 20,7% | ]]> 22,7% | 25,4% | 28,3% | 20,8% | 35,8% | 32,4% |
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For the adapted swimming case, this situation shouldn’t be different. Added to this specific task, where are several factors to consider, there is the fact of working with a specific group, heterogeneous at the level of the intellectual capacities, understanding the tasks, number of trainings a week and, also, the competitive level.
Like this, we intended with this exhibition to summarize the fundamental aspects of the year planning used for this specific group, presenting the conception and structure of 1st Macrocycle of training, which was subdivided in 23 weeks, being 15 belonging to the General Preparation Period, 4 to the Specific Preparation Period, 2 to the Competitive Period, culminating with the Winter National Championships, and 2 to the Transition Period trying, this way, to clarify a process that is still quite obscure in the national structure for this modality (tables 1 and 2).
]]> At the Winter National Championships, the most important competition of this macrocycle, Maia Swimming Club swimmers obtained 7 national titles, 4 national vice-champions titles and 2 third places. These results gave the Maia Swimming Club swimmers an important incentive to keep up the good work.Table 2. Microcycle training volume, training periods and training mesocycles
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| Microcycles | |||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ]]> 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
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| Volume/microcycle | 1950m | 2775m | ]]> 3850m | 5500 m | 3850m | 5700m | 5800m | 5200m | 5500m | 5900m | 4800m |
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| ]]> General Prep. Period |
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| Specific Prep. Period |
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| Competitive Period |
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| Transition Period | ]]> |
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| Mesocycle | 1st Mesocycle | 2nd Mesocycle |
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| 12 | 13 | 14 | ]]> 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 |
| Volume/microcycle | ]]> 5600m | 5600m | 6000m | 5200 m | 5900m | 6200m | 6300m | 5900m | 5100m | 4400m | ]]> 3800m | 3900 m |
| General Prep. Period |
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| Specific Prep. Period |
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| Competitive Period |
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| Transition Period |
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| Mesocycle | 3rd Mesocycle | 4th Mesocycle | 5th Mesocycle | |||||||||
References
Fernandes, R., Morouço, P., Querido, A., & Santos-Silva, J.V. (2003). Operacionalização de um macrociclo de treino para nadadores jovens. Livro de Resumos do 26º Congresso Técnico-Científico da Associação Portuguesa de Técnicos de Natação e 8º Congresso Ibérico – 25 e 26 de Abril de 2003. Estoril, Portugal: Edições APTN. [ Links ]
1 - Faculty of Sport. Porto University, Portugal
2 - Maia Swimming Club
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