J.P. Ferreira, P.M. Gaspar, M.J. Campos, C.M. Senra

Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal

RESUMO

O presente estudo analisou a hipotética relação hierárquica entre eficácia percepcionada, competência física e auto-estima global em basquetebolistas, bem como eventuais diferenças entre sexos e entre atletas com e sem deficiência. Analisámos também a influência do tempo de prática e da frequência de prática nos níveis de eficácia, de competência e de auto-estima global, em cada um dos grupos estudados. Os participantes foram 193 basquetebolistas, 59 do sexo masculino com deficiência física (32.80 ± 11.64 anos), 80 do sexo masculino sem deficiência física (21.48 ± 4.69 anos) e 54 do sexo feminino sem deficiência física (22.91 ± 3.11 anos), envolvidos em competições de nível nacional. Os resultados obtidos suportam a existência de uma organização hierárquica entre a eficácia percepcionada, a competência física avaliada através das autopercepções no domínio físico e a auto-estima global. Foi igualmente confirmada a existência da autovalorização física como variável moderadora ou preditora entre as percepções da base e o topo do modelo, ou seja, entre as percepções no domínio físico e a auto-estima global. Esta relação apresenta um sentido negativo, ou seja, percepções fortes de competência e de eficácia não geram sentimentos fortes de confiança e de satisfação individual em outros contextos do dia-a-dia.

Palavras-chave: auto-eficácia, confiança física, auto-estima, desporto adaptado

Self-efficacy, physical competence and self-esteem in basketball participants with and without physical disability

The purpose of this study was to assess the hypothetical hierarchical relationship between self-efficacy, physical self and global self-esteem, in groups with and without physical disability as well as gender and condition between groups. A second purpose was to assess the influence of independent variables, such as time and frequency of sport involvement, on self-efficacy, physical competence and global self-esteem for each of the groups studied. Participants were 193 basketball players, 59 male athletes with disability (mean age 32.80 ± 11.64), 80 male athletes without disability (mean age 21.48 ± 4.69), and 54 female athletes without disability (mean age 22.91 ± 3.11), all participating in Portuguese national competitions. Results showed evidence of a hierarchical organization among self-efficacy, physical self-perceptions and global self-esteem. Physical self-worth was also confirmed as a mediator between self-perceptions at the base of the model and feelings in the apex, i.e., between physical self-perceptions and global self-esteem. However, this relationship was found to be a negative one. Strong perceptions of self-efficacy and physical competence seem to generate weaker global feelings of self-confidence and personal satisfaction in everyday life contexts.

Keywords: self-efficacy, physical confidence, self-esteem, disability sport

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Financiamento. O projecto que esteve na origem do presente artigo foi financiado pelo Programa de Apoio Financeiro à Investigação no Desporto (PAFID) do Instituto de Desporto de Portugal.

Submetido: 21.02.2010      Aceite: 30.06.2010