<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1646-107X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Motricidade]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Motri.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1646-107X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edições Desafio Singular]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1646-107X2024000200148</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.6063/motricidade.29459</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cognitive stimulation and dementia: traditional interventions vs. computer-based methodologies]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castelo-Branco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Coimbra Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Coimbra Faculty of Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>148</fpage>
<lpage>156</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1646-107X2024000200148&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1646-107X2024000200148&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1646-107X2024000200148&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT We aim to examine the role of cognitive stimulation interventions applied to healthy older adults or older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia. The most important benefits and differences between using these programs without computerized tasks compared to computer-based assistive technologies are also addressed. We conducted a literature review which includes empirical studies in the cognitive stimulation field, applied to healthy older adults or in participants with some type of dementia. All studies include cognitive stimulation intervention using traditional methods or computer-based assistive technology. We included a total of 35 studies in our review. In general, our findings provide support for applying cognitive stimulation programs, using traditional methods or computer-based assistive technology, specifically for older people with dementia. However, we found heterogeneity regarding methods, design of intervention, and procedures in both types of methodology. This review adds value towards a systematisation of heterogeneous data existing in this field. However, it remains difficult to perform unbiased comparisons. Future studies should provide a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of cognitive stimulation programs using computer-based assistive technology involving older adults at various stages of dementia, as well as the efficacy and reliability of this type of intervention, practical effects and the potential to delay or prevent dementia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[computer-based assistive technology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cognitive stimulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dementia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[healthy older adults]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[older adults]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spector]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Guidelines for adapting cognitive stimulation therapy to other cultures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical Interventions in Aging]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>1003-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves-Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magalhães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampaio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive stimulation for Portuguese older adults with cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial of efficacy, comparative duration, feasibility, and experiential relevance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Alzheimers Diseases and Other Dementias]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>503-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magalhães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampaio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petrosyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Non-pharmacological cognitive intervention for aging and dementia: Current perspectives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Journal of Clinical Cases]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>233-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Alzheimer Portugal Association</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Prevalência da Demência. Novo relatório da Alzheimer Europe 2019]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Alzheimer's Disease International</collab>
<source><![CDATA[World Alzheimer Report 2019: Attitudes to Dementia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alzheimer's Disease International]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bahar-Fuchs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woods]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database of System Review]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>2013</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>Cd003260</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capotosto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belacchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faggian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantoan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvalaio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pradelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive stimulation therapy in the Italian context: its efficacy in cognitive and non-cognitive measures in older adults with dementia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>331-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lluch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borràs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moltó]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of a cognitive stimulation program on psychological well-being in a sample of elderly long-term care hospital inpatients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aging &amp; Mental Health]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>88-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woods]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for people with early-stage Alzheimer's disease: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuropsychological Rehabilitation]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>385-401</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dannhauser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cleverley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fletcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stevens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A complex multimodal activity intervention to reduce the risk of dementia in mild cognitive impairment-ThinkingFit: pilot and feasibility study for a randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>129</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picanço-Diniz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bento-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picanço Diniz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Beneficial effects of multisensory and cognitive stimulation on age-related cognitive decline in long-term-care institutions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical Interventions in Aging]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>309-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dethlefs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuayáhuitl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Salkini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Douglas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A natural language-based presentation of cognitive stimulation to people with dementia in assistive technology: A pilot study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Informatics for Health and Social Care]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>349-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Djabelkhir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cristancho-Lacroix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marlats]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenoir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rigaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Computerized cognitive stimulation and engagement programs in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: Comparing feasibility, acceptability, and cognitive and psychosocial effects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical Interventions in Aging]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>1967-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Djabelkhir-Jemmi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boubaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marlats]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenoir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charlieux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isabet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rigaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Differential effects of a computerized cognitive stimulation program on older adults with mild cognitive impairment according to the severity of white matter hyperintensities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Interv Aging]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>1543-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eckroth-Bucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siberski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preserving cognition through an integrated cognitive stimulation and training program]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Alzheimer's Diseases and Other Dementias]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>234-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conlon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayán-Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gandoy-Crego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The influence of a cognitive stimulation program on the quality of life perception among the elderly]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>181-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gates]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sachdev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is cognitive training an effective treatment for preclinical and early Alzheimer's disease?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Alzheimer's Disease]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>^sSuppl. 4</numero>
<issue>^sSuppl. 4</issue>
<supplement>Suppl. 4</supplement>
<page-range>S551-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[É.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taconnat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stimulation cognitive chez les adultes âgés: Comparaison d'une méthode de stimulation par les activités de loisirs et d'une méthode de stimulation conventionnelle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>214-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hedden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabrieli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Insights into the ageing mind: a view from cognitive neuroscience]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Reviews Neuroscience]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>87-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karssemeijer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aaronson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bossers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[OlDe Rikkert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kessels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. P. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The quest for synergy between physical exercise and cognitive stimulation via exergaming in people with dementia: a randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Alzheimer's Research &amp; Therapy]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A theoretical framework for cognitive and non-cognitive interventions for older adults: stimulation versus compensation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aging &amp; Mental Health]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>304-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kueider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krystal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rebok]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cognitive training for older adults: What is it and does it work]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Center on Ageing, American Institutes for Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Connor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perdue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eckstrom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: A systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of Internal Medicine]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>159</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>601-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malvy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bénéfice de l'utilisation d'un programme de stimulation cognitive sur tablettes tactiles chez des personnes âgées dépendantes et institutionnalisées : programme KODRO]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NPG Neurologie - Psychiatrie - Gériatrie]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>96</numero>
<issue>96</issue>
<page-range>344-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Alcalá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosales-Lagarde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melchor-Agustin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Itzá-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A mobile app (iBeni) with a neuropsychological basis for cognitive stimulation for elderly adults: Pilot and validation study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JMIR Research Protocols]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melguizo Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bertel De La Hoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paternina Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FelfLe Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porto Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive stimulation of elderly residents in social protection centers in Cartagena, 2014]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>229-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castelo-Branco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A conceptual view of cognitive intervention in older adults with and without cognitive decline &#8211; a systemic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Aging - Interventions in Aging]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>84472</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda-Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tapia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghigliotto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Implementación de un programa de estimulación cognitiva en personas con demencia tipo Alzheimer: un estudio piloto en chilenos de la tercera edad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universitas Psychologica]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>445-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Condoleo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pernigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moretto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gambina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive stimulation in a-MCI: an experimental study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>121-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Condoleo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valbusa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Broggio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moretto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gambina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive stimulation of executive functions in mild cognitive impairment: specific efficacy and impact in memory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>153-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mowszowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batchelor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naismith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early intervention for cognitive decline: can cognitive training be used as a selective prevention technique?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Psychogeriatrics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>537-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of age on cognition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Seminars in Hearing]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>111-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kemps]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The influence of physical and cognitive activities on simple and complex cognitive tasks in older adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Experimental Aging Research]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>341-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive stimulation therapy in the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: a randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical Rehabilitation]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1102-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ordonez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanashiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Actively station: Effects on global cognition of mature adults and healthy elderly program using eletronic games]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dementia Neuropsychology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>186-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doody]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritchie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winblad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archives of Neurology]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1985-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carbone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faggian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvalaio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of cognitive stimulation therapy for older adults with vascular dementia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dementia Neuropsychology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>434-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spector]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woods]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST): effects on different areas of cognitive function for people with dementia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1253-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spector]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thorgrimsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woods]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Royan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Butterworth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation therapy programme for people with dementia: randomised controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Psychiatry]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>183</volume>
<page-range>248-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Minding the aging brain: technology-enabled cognitive training for healthy elders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>374-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berg-Weger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tebb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roselle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Downing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Making a difference: a study of cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) for persons with dementia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Gerontological Social Work]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>300-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuraoka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yasunaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nonaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakurai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takeuchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murayama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ohba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujiwara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive intervention through a training program for picture book reading in community-dwelling older adults: a randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Geriatrics]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>122</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tesky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meroth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jakob]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahlender]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pantel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive intervention response is related to habitual physical activity in older adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aging Clinical and Experimental Research]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>47-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghazali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subramaniam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The acceptability and usefulness of cognitive stimulation therapy for older adults with dementia: A narrative review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Alzheimer's Diseases]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>2016</volume>
<page-range>5131570</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tranter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koutstaal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Age and flexible thinking: an experimental demonstration of the beneficial effects of increased cognitively stimulating activity on fluid intelligence in healthy older adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>184-207</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davidson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caughey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doubeni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Epling Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kubik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landefeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mangione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silverstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tseng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>US Preventive Services Task Force</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Screening for cognitive impairment in older adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>323</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>757-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamaldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edwards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Can cognitive speed of processing training improve everyday functioning among older adults with psychometrically defined mild cognitive impairment?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Aging Health]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>595-610</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Zon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The efficacy of a volunteer-administered cognitive stimulation program in long-term care homes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Psychogeriatrics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>995-1004</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flicker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive activity for the treatment of older adults with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD)-PACE AD: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trials]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woods]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spector]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in people with dementia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>Cd005562</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woods]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thorgrimsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spector]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Royan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Improved quality of life and cognitive stimulation therapy in dementia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aging &amp; Mental Health]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>219-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[10 facts on healthy ageing in Europe]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamanaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kawano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakaaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watanabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spector]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of cognitive stimulation therapy Japanese version (CST-J) for people with dementia: a single-blind, controlled clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aging &amp; Mental Health]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>579-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yasini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marchand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adoption and use of a mobile health application in older adults for cognitive stimulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Studies in Health Technology &amp; Informatics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>221</volume>
<page-range>13-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multicomponent intervention combining a cognitive stimulation group and tai chi to reduce cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults with probable dementia: A multi-center, randomized controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dementia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>2073-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwok]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of an expanded cognitive stimulation therapy model on the improvement of cognitive ability of elderly with mild stage Dementia living in a community - a randomized waitlist controlled trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aging &amp; Mental Health]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>855-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hollis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review of cognitive stimulation therapy for older adults with mild to moderate dementia: an occupational therapy perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Occupational Therapy International]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>163-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zimmermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Netto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amodeo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Working memory training and poetry-based stimulation programs: are there differences in cognitive outcome in healthy older adults?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NeuroRehabilitation]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>159-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
