<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1646-2890</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia, Medicina Dentária e Cirurgia Maxilofacial]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Port Estomatol Med Dent Cir Maxilofac]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1646-2890</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Estomatologia e Medicina Dentária]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1646-28902023000100028</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24873/j.rpemd.2023.03.1048</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Malocclusion in primary dentition: a cross-sectional study in a Lisbon population]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Má oclusão na dentição decídua: um estudo transversal numa população do concelho de Lisboa]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pimenta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esperancinha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mário]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sónia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Medicina Dentária Unidade de Investigação e Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisbon ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>28</fpage>
<lpage>34</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1646-28902023000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1646-28902023000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1646-28902023000100028&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objectives:  To study the prevalence of malocclusion in deciduous dentition and its associated factors.  Methods:  The target population consisted of children between 3 and 5 years old who attended four kindergartens in Alvalade, Lisbon. Data was collected through a questionnaire to parents and an intraoral examination of children. The questionnaire collected sociodemographic and non-nutritive sucking habits information. The intraoral examination collected data about the child&#8217;s occlusion and dental caries.  Results:  The sample included 89 children. The prevalence of malocclusion was 83.9%, and the most prevalent types were crowding (44.8%) and distocclusion (41.4%). Most of the children (68.2%) had non-nutritive sucking habits, of which using a pacifier was the most frequente (81.6%). The habit of using a pacifier after three years of age was reported by 67.8% of the participants. The variables statistically associated with malocclusion (p&lt;0.05) were age, mother&#8217;s education level, non-nutritive sucking habits, use of pacifiers and thumb sucking, and caries in primary teeth.  Conclusions:  The prevalence of malocclusion and non-nutritive sucking habits was high. Early diagnosis and intervention are important to avoid serious malocclusion problems and structural and functional changes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Objetivos:  Estudar a prevalência de má oclusão na dentição decídua e os seus fatores associados.  Métodos:  A população-alvo foi constituída por crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 5 anos que frequentavam quatro jardins de infância de Alvalade/Lisboa. A recolha de dados foi realizada através de um questionário aos pais e de um exame intraoral às crianças. O questionário permitiu a obtenção de informação sociodemográfica e dos hábitos de sucção não-nutritivos. O exame intraoral possibilitou a recolha de dados relativos à oclusão da criança e de cárie dentária.  Resultados:  A amostra foi constituída por 89 crianças. Obteve-se uma prevalência de má-oclusão de 83,9%, sendo os tipos mais prevalentes o apinhamento (44,8%) e a distoclusão (41,4%). A maioria das crianças (68,2%) apresentava hábitos de sucção não-nutritivos, sendo o uso de chupeta o mais frequente (81,6%). O hábito de usar chupeta após os três anos verificou-se em 67,8% dos participantes. As variáveis estatisticamente associadas à má oclusão (p&lt;0,05) foram a idade, o nível de instrução da mãe, a presença de hábitos de sucção, o uso de chupeta e chuchar no dedo, e a presença de cárie em dentes decíduos.  Conclusões:  A prevalência de má oclusão e de hábitos de sucção não-nutritivos foi elevada. Assim, o diagnóstico e a intervenção precoces são importantes de modo a evitar alterações estruturais e funcionais graves que perdurem.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Behaviors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Deciduous dentition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Malocclusion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Comportamentos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Dentição decídua]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Má-oclusão]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Prevalência]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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