<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1646-5830</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Obstétrica e Ginecológica Portuguesa]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Obstet Ginecol Port]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1646-5830</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Euromédice, Edições Médicas Lda.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1646-58302021000100017</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Maternal vitamin D level in the first trimester and pregnancy outcomes: a prospective study]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Avaliação do impacto do nível sérico de vitamina D no primeiro trimestre de gravidez nos desfechos obstétricos - estudo prospetivo]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marina Sousa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cambão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Luís]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trocado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vera]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joana Araújo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara Passos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesquita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinheiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho Serviço de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Viana do Castelo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho USF Cuidarte ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Viana do Castelo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho Serviço de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Viana do Castelo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho Serviço de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Viana do Castelo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho Serviço de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Viana do Castelo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Minho Escola de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Braga ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Investigação em Ciências da Vida e da Saúde/3B&#8217;s - Laboratório Associado do Governo Português  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Braga ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1646-58302021000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1646-58302021000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1646-58302021000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Overview and aims:  Recent studies suggested that low vitamin D levels during pregnancy can increase the risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, cesarean section, preterm birth, and low birthweight. This study aims to investigate the association between first trimester vitamin D status and pregnancy outcomes.  Study design, Population and Methods: A prospective observational study was performed including women with vitamin D measurement in the first trimester of pregnancy.  Results:  One hundred and eighty five pregnant women were recruited. There were 141 (76,2%) women who revealed low levels of vitamin D. With regards to pregnancy outcomes, there was no significant association between vitamin D status and preeclampsia, cesarean section, preterm birth, and low birthweight. Low vitamin D level was associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes (adjusted odds ratio, 0.876, CI 0.789-0.972; p=0.013).  Conclusions:  A high prevalence of low vitamin D levels among pregnant women in the first trimester was seen in the Portuguese population. Low vitamin D level in the first trimester of pregnancy was a predictor of gestational diabetes mellitus.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Birthweight]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gestational diabetes mellitus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Preeclampsia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Preterm birth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vitamin D.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<numero>PART A</numero>
<issue>PART A</issue>
<page-range>138-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaktine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Valle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Academies Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cashman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dowling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skrabáková]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D deficiency in Europe Pandemic?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1033-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Møller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Streym]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosekilde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Changes in calcitropic hormones, bone markers and insulin-like growth factor i (IGF-I) during pregnancy and postpartum A controlled cohort study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Osteoporos Int]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1307-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pludowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pilz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D effects on musculoskeletal health, immunity, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, fertility, pregnancy, dementia and mortality-A review of recent evidence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Autoimmun. Rev.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>976-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hyppönen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavadino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and Pre-Eclampsia Original data, systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann. Nutr. Metab.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>331-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salehi-Abargouei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esmaillzadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maternal vitamin D status and risk of pre-eclampsia A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>3165-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S-Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H-P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z-C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fraser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maternal vitamin D status and adverse pregnancy outcomes a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Matern Neonatal Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>889-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M-X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G-T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J-F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B-Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L-Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z-L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D Deficiency Increases the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>8366-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YHM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hummel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lips]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Ploeg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simsek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and gestational diabetes A systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Intern Med]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>465-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merewood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauchner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between vitamin D deficiency and primary cesarean section]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Endocrinol Metab]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>940-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scholl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maternal Vitamin D Status and Delivery by Cesarean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>319-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does maternal Vitamin D deficiency increase the risk of preterm birth: A meta-analysis of observational studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and risk of preterm birth Up-to-date meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>247-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pasupuleti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mezones-Holguin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fertil Steril]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1278-1288.e4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>WHO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>ACOG</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Committee opinion no 495: Vitamin D: Screening and supplementation during pregnancy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Obstet. Gynecol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<page-range>197-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>RCOG</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Vitamin D in Pregnancy (Scientific Impact Paper 43)]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aghajafari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagulesapillai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ronksley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tough]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Beirne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational Studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>346</volume>
<numero>7902</numero>
<issue>7902</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farrant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krishnaveni G]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D insufficiency is common in Indian mothers but is not associated with gestational diabetes or variation in newborn size]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>646-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Shoumer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is there a relationship between vitamin D with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Diabetes]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1057</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D deficiency and diabetes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biochem. J]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>474</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1321-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maghbooli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hossein-nezhad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karimi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shafaei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A-R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larijani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Correlation between vitamin D3 deficiency and insulin resistance in pregnancy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetes Metab Res Rev]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>27-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clifton-Bligh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McElduff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McElduff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maternal vitamin D deficiency, ethnicity and gestational diabetes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabet Med]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>678-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Della Casa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and pancreas The role of sunshine vitamin in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>3472-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hills]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1a-hydroxylase in pancreatic islets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<page-range>121-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maestro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carranza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identification of a Vitamin D response element in the human insulin receptor gene promoter]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>223-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and Type 2 diabetes mellitus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Diabetes]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>261-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pittas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D and diabetes Endocrinol. Metab. Clin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[North Am]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>205-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Role of vitamin D in insulin resistance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Biomed. Biotechnol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>2012</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szymczak-Pajor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sliwinska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of association between vitamin d deficiency and insulin resistance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zemel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[1a,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulation of adipocyte reactive oxygen species production]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Obesity]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1944-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vitamin D cell signalling in health and disease Biochem]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biophys. Res. Commun]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>460</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>53-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trayhurn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 inhibits the cytokine-induced secretion of MCP-1 and reduces monocyte recruitment by human preadipocytes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Obes]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>357-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petchey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isbel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Shining d' light on chronic kidney disease Mechanisms that may underpin the cardiovascular benefit of vitamin D]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nephrology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>351-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drincic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LAG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Diest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heaney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Volumetric dilution, rather than sequestration best explains the low vitamin D status of obesity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Obesity]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1444-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
