<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1646-5954</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Observatorio (OBS*)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[OBS*]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1646-5954</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OberCom]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1646-59542011000100010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Future of Alternative Media?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kenix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Linda Jean]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Canterbury  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>New Zealand</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>187</fpage>
<lpage>214</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1646-59542011000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1646-59542011000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1646-59542011000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Alternative media, which have historically been created in explicit opposition to the mainstream, are increasingly drawing from mainstream practices to gain visibility in a crowded media market. However, the nascent field of alternative (or community) media scholarship has not fully embraced the intrusion of mainstream practices nor has scholarship added meaningfully to the debates surrounding future growth possibilities of alternative media within this competitive framework. The paper will apply previous hypotheses and research from the field of alternative media scholarship to a small sample of alternative blogs in New Zealand. The methodological aspects of producing these blogs and their resulting content will be explored against present research in an effort to conceptualize future media formats for the alternative press.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[alternative media]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p><b>The Future of Alternative Media?</b></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Linda Jean Kenix*</b></p>      <p>*University of Canterbury, New Zealand</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Abstract</b></p>      <p>Alternative media, which have historically been created in explicit opposition to the mainstream, are increasingly drawing from mainstream practices to gain visibility in a crowded media market. However, the nascent field of alternative (or community) media scholarship has not fully embraced the intrusion of mainstream practices nor has scholarship added meaningfully to the debates surrounding future growth possibilities of alternative media within this competitive framework.  The paper will apply previous hypotheses and research from the field of alternative media scholarship to a small sample of alternative blogs in New Zealand. The methodological aspects of producing these blogs and their resulting content will be explored against present research in an effort to conceptualize future media formats for the alternative press. </p>      <p><b>Keywords</b>: alternative media</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>References</b></p>      <p>Advertising Standards Authority. (2009). Advertising revenue holds at 2.3 billion dollars in 2008. Wellington:(Advertising Standards Authority).</p>      <p>Albert, M. (2006a). Mass Media: Theirs and Ours. In <i>Z Magazine</i>.</p>      <p>Albert, M. (2006b). <i>What makes alternative media alternative? Toward a Federation of Alternative Media Activists and Supporters - FAMAS</i>:  Z Magazine. Retrieved 12 April. 2007, from <a href="http://zena.secureforum.com/Znet/zmag/allarticles1.cfm" target="_blank">http://zena.secureforum.com/Znet/zmag/allarticles1.cfm</a></p>      <p>Alexa. (2009). Top Sites. (Alexa).</p>      <p>AlterNet. (2009). About Alternet. (Alternet).</p>      <p>Atton, C. (2002). <i>Alternative media</i>. London: Sage.</p>      <p>Atton, C. (2004). <i>An alternative internet</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p>Atton, C. (2006). Far-right media on the Internet: Culture, discourse and power. <i>New Media &amp; Society, 8</i>(4), 573-587. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000023&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Bahnisch, M. (2006). The political uses of blogs. In A. Bruns &amp; J. Jacobs (Eds.), <i>Uses of Blogs</i> (pp. 139-149). New York: Peter Lang.</p>      <p>Blau, A. (2005). <i>Deep Focus: A report on the future of independent media</i>. New York: National Alliance for Media Arts and Culture.</p>      <p>Bowman, S., &amp; Willis, C. (2003). <i>We the media: How audiences are shaping the future of news and information</i>. Reston: American Press Institute.</p>      <p>Box Office Mojo. (2009). Documentary: 1982 - Present.</p>      <p>Braden, S. (2007). Mgwirzano: A case study from Malawi. In K. Coyer, T. Dowmunt &amp; A. Fountain (Eds.), <i>The Alternative Media Handbook</i> (pp. 212-223). London: Routledge.</p>      <p>Carey, J. W. (1989). <i>Communication as culture: Essays on media and society</i>. Boston: Unwin Hyman.</p>      <p>Chesshyre, R. (1987). <i>The return of a native reporter</i>. London: Viking.</p>      <p>Couldry, N. (2003). <i>Media Rituals: A Critical Approach</i>. London: Routledge.</p>      <p>Curran, J., &amp; Couldry, N. (Eds.). (2003). <i>Contesting media power: Alternative media in a networked world</i>. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>DeBruin, L. (2009). Rocky Mountain News to close, publish final edition Friday. In <i>Rocky Mountain News</i>. (E.W. Scripps).</p>      <p>Dowmunt, T., &amp; Coyer, K. (2007). Introduction. In K. Coyer, T. Dowmunt &amp; A. Fountain (Eds.), <i>The Alternative Media Handbook</i> (pp. 1-12). New York: Routledge.</p>      <p>Downing, J. (1984). <i>Radical media: The political experince of alternative communication</i>. Boston: South End Press.</p>      <p>Downing, J. (2001). <i>Radical media: Rebellious communication and social movements</i>. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.</p>      <p>Dyson, E. (1997). <i>Release 2.0: A design for living in the digital age</i>. New York: Broadway Books.</p>      <p>Eyerman, R., &amp; Jamison, A. (1991). <i>Social movements: A cognitive approach</i>. Cambridge: Polity Press.</p>      <!-- ref --><p>Eyerman, R., &amp; Jamison, A. (1995). Social movements and cultural transformation: Popular music in the 1960s. <i>Media, Culture &amp; Society, 17</i>, 449-468. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000039&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>Fetveit, A. (1999). Reality TV in the digital era: A paradox in visual culture? <i>Media, Culture &amp; Society, 21</i>, 787-804. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000040&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>Fuchs, C. (2009). Some theoretical foundations of critical media studies: Reflections on Karl Marx and the media. <i>International Journal of Communication, 3</i>, 369-402. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000041&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Gamson, W. A. (1992). <i>Talking politics</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Gattegno, C. (1969). <i>Towards a visual culture: Educating through television</i>. New York: Outerbridge &amp; Dienstfrey.</p>      <p>Glaser, M. (2004). Bloggers, citizen media and Rather's fall - Little people rise up in 2004. In <i>Online Journalism Review</i>.</p>      <p>Glasgow University Media Group. (1976). <i>Bad News</i>. London: Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul.</p>      <p>Greenslade, R. (2009). Britain's vanishing newspapers. In <i>Guardian</i>. (Guardian).</p>      <!-- ref --><p>Hamilton, J. (2000). Alternative media: Conceptual difficulties, critical possibilities. <i>Journal of Communication Inquiry, 24</i>(4), 357-378. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000047&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Hargittai, E. (2002). Second-level digital divide: Differences in people's online skills. In <i>First Monday</i>. Vol. 7.</p>      <p>Herman, E. S., &amp; Chomsky, N. (1988). <i>Manufacturing consent: The political economy of the mass media</i>. New York: Pantheon Books.</p>      <p>Herring, S. C., Scheidt, L. A., Bonus, S. B., &amp; Wright, E. (2004). Bridging the gap: A genre analysis of weblogs. In <i>Hawaii International Conference on Social Sciences</i>. Big Island.</p>      <p>Kioskea. (2009). Traffic to US newspaper websites up 16 pct: Nielsen Online. (Kioskea,).</p>      <p>Knoche, M. (2007). Medienkonzentration. In B. Thomass (Ed.), <i>Mediensysteme im internationalen Vergleich</i> (pp. 122-144). Konstanz: UVK.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p>Lasica, J. D. (2003). Blogs and journalism need each other. <i>Nieman Reports, 57</i>(3), 70-74. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000053&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Mayfield, R. (2004, 9 February 2004). <i>The political effects of blogging: Call for indicators</i>:  Many 2 Many. Retrieved 8 July. 2008, from <a href="http://many.corante.com/archives/2004/02/09/the_political_effects_of_blogging_call_for_indicators.php" target="_blank">http://many.corante.com/archives/2004/02/09/the_political_effects_of_blogging_call_for_indicators.php</a></p>      <p>McKay, G. (Ed.). (1998). <i>DiY culture: Party and protest in nineties Britain</i>. London: Verso.</p>       <!-- ref --><p>Meadows, M., Forde, S., Ewart, J., &amp; Foxwell, K. (2009). Making good sense: Transformative processes in community journalism. <i>Journalism, 10</i>(2, April), 155-170. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000056&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Messaris, P. (1997). <i>Visual persuasion: The role of images in advertising</i>. Thousand Oaks: Sage.</p>       <p>Naureckas, J. (2009). Before we 'save' journalism. In <i>Fairness &amp; Accuracy in Reporting</i>. (July ed., (Fairness &amp; Accuracy in Reporting).</p>       <!-- ref --><p>O'Neill, D., &amp; O'Conner, C. (2008). The passive journalist: How sources dominate local news. <i>Journalism Practice, 2</i>(3, October), 487-500. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000059&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Public Address. (2009). About Public Address. (Public Address).</p>      <!-- ref --><p>Rau, M. (1994). Towards a history of fanzine publishing: From APA to Zines. <i>Alternative Press Review, Spring/Summer</i>, 10-13. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000061&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>Rauch, J. (2007). Activists as interpretive communities: Rituals of consumption and interaction in an alternative media audience <i>Media, Culture &amp; Society., 29</i>(6), 994-1013. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000062&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>Regan, T. (2003). Weblogs threaten and inform traditional journalism. <i>Nieman Reports, 57</i>(3), 68-70. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000063&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Rheingold, H. (2002). <i>Smart mobs: The next social revolution</i>. Cambridge: Perseus Publishing.</p>      <p>Riley, D. (2008). Understanding the fall of newspapers in revenue numbers. In <i>The Inquisitr</i>. (The Inquisitr).</p>       <p>Rodriguez, C. (2001). <i>Fissures in the mediascape: An international study of citizens' media</i>. Cresskill: Hampton Press.</p>      <p>Rosen, J. (2005, 15 January 2005). <i>Bloggers vs. journalists is over</i>:  PressThink. Retrieved 8 July. 2008, from <a href="http://journalism.nyu.edu/pubzone/weblogs/pressthink/2005/01/15/berk_pprd.html" target="_blank">http://journalism.nyu.edu/pubzone/weblogs/pressthink/2005/01/15/berk_pprd.html</a></p>      <p>Rutenberg, J. (2004). Disney forbidding distribution of film that criticizes Bush. New York:(New York Times).</p>      <p>Seeyle, K. (2005, 14 February). Resignation at CNN shows the growing influence of blogs<i>. New York Times</i>. </p>      <!-- ref --><p>Semetko, H. A., &amp; Valkenburg, P. M. (2000). Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news. <i>Journal of Communication, 50</i>(2), 93-109. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000070&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Simon, D. (2009, 5 March 2009). In Baltimore, no one left to press the police<i>. The Washington Post</i>.  Editorial.</p>       <p>Slattery, J. (2009). Journalists urged to find 'back to basics' business model. (Press Gazette: Journalism today).</p>       ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Sparks, C. (1993). Raymond Williams and the theory of democratic communication. In S. Splichal &amp; J. Wasko (Eds.), <i>Communication and Democracy</i> (pp. 69-86). Norwood: Ablex.</p>      <p>Spurr, D. (1993). <i>The rhetoric of empire: Colonial discourse in journalism, travel writing and imperial administration</i>. Durham: Duke University Press.</p>      <p>Stoney, G. 2005, personal communication,2005.</p>      <p>Sturken, M., &amp; Cartwright, L. (2001). <i>Practices of looking: An introduction to visual culture</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</p>      <p>SXSW. (2009). The future of campaigns and alternative media funding. (SXSW).</p>      <p>Technorati. (2009). Top 100 Blogs. (Technorati).</p>      <p>Trammell, K. D. (2006). The blogging of the president. In A. P. Williams &amp; J. C. Tedesco (Eds.), <i>The Internet election: Perspectives on the Web in Campaign 2006</i> (pp. 133-146). Lanham: Rowman &amp; Littlefield.</p>       <p>Tumeke! (2009). Tumeke!: NZ Blogosphere. (Tumeke!).</p>      <p>U.S. Department of Labor. (2008). Career guide to industries. Washington, D.C.:(U.S. Department of Labor).</p>      <p>Uzelman, S. (2005). Hard at work in the bamboo garden: Media activists and social movements. In A. Langlois &amp; F. Dubois (Eds.), <i>Autonomous media: Activating resistance and dissent</i> (pp. 17-28). Montreal: Cumulus Press.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p>van Dijck, J. (2008). Digital photography: Communication, identity, memory. <i>Visual Communication, 7</i>(1, February), 57-76. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000083&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Vargas, J. A. (2009). Young voices in the future of news:  Connection, conversation, community. In <i>The Huffington Post</i>. (The Huffington Post).</p>      <!-- ref --><p>Wall, M. (2005). 'Blogs of war:' Weblogs as news. <i>Journalism, 6</i>(2), 153-172. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000085&pid=S1646-5954201100010001000014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Waltz, M. (2005). <i>Alternative and activist media</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.</p>      <p>Weinberger, D. (2009). Transparency is the new objectivity. In <i>Joho: The Blog!</i> , (Joho: The Blog!).</p>      <p>Williams, R. (1974). <i>Television: Technology and cultural form</i>. London: Fontana.</p>       ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Far-right media on the Internet: Culture, discourse and power]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Media & Society]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>573-587</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eyerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Social movements and cultural transformation: Popular music in the 1960s]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Media, Culture & Society]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>449-468</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fetveit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Reality TV in the digital era: A paradox in visual culture?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Media, Culture & Society]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>787-804</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuchs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Some theoretical foundations of critical media studies: Reflections on Karl Marx and the media]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Communication]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>369-402</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamilton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Alternative media: Conceptual difficulties, critical possibilities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Communication Inquiry]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>357-378</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lasica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Blogs and journalism need each other]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nieman Reports]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>70-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meadows]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foxwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Making good sense: Transformative processes in community journalism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journalism]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>155-170</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Neill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Conner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The passive journalist: How sources dominate local news]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journalism Practice]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>3, October</numero>
<issue>3, October</issue>
<page-range>487-500</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Towards a history of fanzine publishing: From APA to Zines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Alternative Press Review, Spring/Summer]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>10-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rauch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Activists as interpretive communities: Rituals of consumption and interaction in an alternative media audience]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Media, Culture & Society]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>994-1013</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Regan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Weblogs threaten and inform traditional journalism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nieman Reports]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>68-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Semetko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. A.,]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valkenburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Communication]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>93-109</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Dijck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Digital photography: Communication, identity, memory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Visual Communication]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>57-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['Blogs of war: ' Weblogs as news]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journalism]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>153-172</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
