<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1646-706X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Angiol Cir Vasc]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1646-706X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1646-706X2011000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Fenómeno de Raynaud]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Raynaud's Phenomenon]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivone]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loureiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tiago]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mansilha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rui]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasconcelos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A05"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A06"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar do Porto Hospital Santo António Serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar do Porto Hospital Santo António Serviço de Medicina]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,UP - Universidade do Porto FMUP - Faculdade de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,SPACV - Sociedade Portuguesa de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A05">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar do Porto Hospital Santo António Unidade de Imunologia Clínica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A06">
<institution><![CDATA[,UP - Universidade do Porto ICBAS - Instituto Biomédicas Abel Salazar Clínica Médica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>13</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1646-706X2011000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1646-706X2011000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1646-706X2011000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O Fenómeno de Raynaud (FR) é uma manifestação clínica comum, traduzida por vasoespasmos recorrentes dos dedos, na maioria das vezes provocados pela exposição ao frio ou estímulos emocionais. Pode ser primário (idiopática) ou secundária a diversas doenças ou condições, incluindo doenças do tecido conjuntivo, como esclerose sistémica. A patogênese da FR é mal compreendido. Actualmente pensa-se que a lesão endotelial e a disfunção vascular associada podem ser as primeiras alteração patogénicas e responsável pelas complicações vasculares nos doentes com RP. As alterações funcionais (vasoconstrição) e as mudanças estruturais (proliferação intimal e obstrução dos capilares e artérias), traduzem-se clinicamente como RP e úlceras digitais. O FR é em muitos casos a primeira manifestação da doença secundária associado e precede as outras manifestações clínicas em anos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Raynaud´s Phenomenon (RP) is a common clinical disorder, manifested by recurrent vasospasm of fingers and toes, often triggered by exposure to cold temperatures or emotional stress. It can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to several diseases or conditions, including connective tissue diseases such as systemic sclerosis. The pathogenesis of RP is poorly understood. It is generally accepted that endothelial damage and vascular dysfunction may be the earliest pathogenetic alteration and ethological factor responsible for vascular complications in RP patients. Functional abnormalities (vasoconstriction) and structural changes (intimal proliferation, obstruction) are expressed clinically as RP and digital ulcers. RP is the first manifestation of the secondary associated disease and precedes other clinical manifestations by years.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Fenómeno de Raynaud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Raynaud&apos;s Phenomenon]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p><b>Fenómeno de Raynaud </b></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>Ivone Silva *, Tiago Loureiro **, Isabel Almeida ***, Armando Mansilha ****,    Rui Almeida *****, Carlos Vasconcelos ******</b></p>     <p>*Assistente Hospitalar Graduado do Serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular    do Hospital Santo António – Centro Hospitalar do Porto; Co-responsável pela    Consulta de Grupo de Raynaud; Consulta da Unidade de Imunolgia Clínica</p>     <p>** Interno Complementar do Serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular do Hospital    Santo António – Centro Hospitalar do Porto</p>     <p>*** Assistente Hospitalar Graduado do Serviço de Medicina do Hospital Santo    António – Centro Hospitalar do Porto; Co-responsável pela Consulta de Grupo    de Raynaud; Membro da Unidade de Imunologia Clínica</p>     <p> **** MD, PHD, FEBS, Assistente Hospitalar de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular,    Professor Auxiliar Convidado da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto;    Secretário Geral da SPACV</p>     <p>***** Chefe de Serviço, Director do Serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular    do Hospital Santo António – Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Presidente da SPACV</p>     <p>****** MD, PHD, Chefe de Serviço, Responsável da Unidade de Imunologia Clínica    – Hospital Santo António– Centro Hospitalar do Porto; Professor Associado Convidado    de Clínica Médica do Instituto Biomédicas Abel Salazar</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>|<b>RESUMO</b>|</p>     <p>O Fenómeno de Raynaud (FR) é uma manifestação clínica comum, traduzida por    vasoespasmos recorrentes dos dedos, na maioria das vezes provocados pela exposição    ao frio ou estímulos emocionais. </p>     <p>Pode ser primário (idiopática) ou secundária a diversas doenças ou condições,    incluindo doenças do tecido conjuntivo, como esclerose sistémica.</p>     <p>A patogênese da FR é mal compreendido. Actualmente pensa-se que a lesão endotelial    e a disfunção vascular associada podem ser as primeiras alteração patogénicas    e responsável pelas complicações vasculares nos doentes com RP.</p>     <p>As alterações funcionais (vasoconstrição) e as mudanças estruturais (proliferação    intimal e obstrução dos capilares e artérias), traduzem-se clinicamente como    RP e úlceras digitais. </p>     <p>O FR é em muitos casos a primeira manifestação da doença secundária associado    e precede as outras manifestações clínicas em anos.</p>     <p><b>Palavras-chave:</b> Fenómeno de Raynaud </p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>Raynaud's Phenomenon</b></p>     <p>|<b>ABSTRACT</b>|</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Raynaud´s Phenomenon (RP) is a common clinical disorder, manifested by recurrent    vasospasm of fingers and toes, often triggered by exposure to cold temperatures    or emotional stress. It can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to several    diseases or conditions, including connective tissue diseases such as systemic    sclerosis. The pathogenesis of RP is poorly understood.</p>     <p>It is generally accepted that endothelial damage and vascular dysfunction may    be the earliest pathogenetic alteration and ethological factor responsible for    vascular complications in RP patients.</p>     <p>Functional abnormalities (vasoconstriction) and structural changes (intimal    proliferation, obstruction) are expressed clinically as RP and digital ulcers.    RP is the first manifestation of the secondary associated disease and precedes    other clinical manifestations by years.</p>     <p><b>Key words:</b> Raynaud&apos;s Phenomenon</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>BIBLIOGRAFIA</b></p>     <p><sup>[1]</sup> A Herrick BMJ Clinical Evidence Raynaud Phenomenon (Secondary)    2007.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p><sup>[2]</sup> Pope, J: The diagnosis and Treatment of Raynaud´s Phenomenon.    Drugs 2007: 517-525.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000033&pid=S1646-706X201100010000200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p><sup>[3]</sup> Klippel, J.H. (2003) Raynaud’s phenomenon. In: Freedberg, I.M.,    Eisen, A.Z., Wolff, K. et al (Eds.) Fitzpatrick’s dermatology in general medicine.    6th edn. London: McGraw-Hill. 1764-1769.</p>     <p><sup>[4]</sup> Generini S, Rosso A , Pignone A, Matucci MC. Current Treatment    options in Raynaud´s phenomenon. Current treatment options in cardiovascular    medicine 2003; 5: 147-161.</p>     <p><sup>[5]</sup> Matucci-Cerinic M, Seibold – JR: Digital ulcers and outcomes    assessment in scleroderma. Rheumatology 2008: 47; v46-v47.</p>     <p><sup>[6]</sup> A. Mansilha, S. Sampaio; Vasospastic disorders of the upper    extremities In C.Liapis, K. Balzer, F. Benedetti-Valentini, J. Fernandes e Fernandes    (eds): “European Manual of Vascular Surgery”; pp. 237-46. Springer-Verlag, 2005</p>     <p><sup>[7]</sup> Maricq HR, Harper FE, Khan MM, Tan EM, LeRoy EC. Microvascular    abnormalities as possible predictors of disease subset in Raynaud phenomen and    early connective tissue disease. Clin Exp Rheumat: 1983: 1; 195- 205.</p>     <p><sup>[8]</sup> Bulpitt KJ, Philip JC, Lachenbruch PA, Paulus HA, Peter JB,    Agopian MS, Singer JZ, Steen VD, Clegg DO, Ziminski CM, Alarcon GS, Luggen ME,    Polisson RP Willkens RF, Reading JC, Williams HJ, Ward JR. Early Undifferentiated    Connective Tissue Disease: III. Outccome and prognostic indicators in Early    Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis). The Journal of Rheumatology.</p>     <p><sup>[9]</sup> A, Bell A, Bruce I, McGrann S, Allen J: Digital vascular responses    and serum Endothelin-1 concentrations in primary and secondary Raynaud´s phenomenon.    Ann Rheum Dis 2000; 59: 870-874.</p>     <p><sup>[10]</sup> V. Smith,&nbsp;V., Pizzorni,&nbsp;Carmen, De Keyser,&nbsp;Filip,    Decuman,&nbsp;Saskia, Van Praet,&nbsp;Jens T., Deschepper,&nbsp;Ellen, et al;    Validation of the Qualitative and Semiquantitative Assessment of the Scleroderma    Spectrum Patterns by Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy: Preliminary Results [abstract].    Arthritis Rheum 2009;60 Suppl 10 :445.</p>     <p><sup>[11]</sup> Ingegnoli F, Boracchi P, Gualtierotti R, Lubatti c, Meani L,    Zahalkova L et al: Prognostic model based on nailfold capillaroscopy for identifying    Raynaud´s phenomenon patients at high risk for the development of a scleroderma    spectrum disorder: PRINCE (Prognostic Index for Nailfold Capillaroscopy Examination)    Arthritis Rheum 2008: 58; 2174-2182. </p>     ]]></body>
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<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pope]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The diagnosis and Treatment of Raynaud´s Phenomenon]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drugs]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>517-525</page-range></nlm-citation>
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</back>
</article>
