<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1646-706X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Angiol Cir Vasc]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1646-706X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1646-706X2021000100020</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal Complicado de Fístula Aorto-Cava Primária - Experiência institucional e Revisão da Literatura.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Primary Aortocaval Fistula in Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - Institutional Experience and Literature Review.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rita Soares]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catarino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frederico Bastos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Emília]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central Hospital de Santa Marta Serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital do Divino Espírito Santo de Ponta Delgada Serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>20</fpage>
<lpage>26</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1646-706X2021000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1646-706X2021000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1646-706X2021000100020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  A fístula aorto-cava primária (FAC) é uma entidade clínica rara, associada a menos de 1% dos AAA. As principais manifestações clínicas são insuficiência cardíaca aguda (ICA), edema dos membros inferiores, lesão renal aguda (LRA) e insuficiência hepática aguda (IHA). A cirurgia convencional associa-se a elevada mortalidade (16-66%)(1). Apesar da limitada evidência acerca da abordagem desta patologia, o tratamento endovascular, quando exequível, aparenta ser eficaz e associado a menor morbimortalidade. Os autores têm como objetivo descrever a apresentação clínica, terapêutica e resultados dos AAA complicados de FAC num hospital terciário e comparar com os dados disponíveis na literatura.  Material e Métodos:  Análise retrospetiva dos AAA complicados de FAC tratados entre Janeiro de 2014 e Maio de 2020 num hospital terciário. Os dados foram colhidos através da consulta do processo clínico eletrónico e foram incluídas variáveis demográficas, clínicas, do procedimento e eventos clínicos pós-operatórios.  Resultados:  Durante este período, identificaram-se quatro doentes com AAA complicado de FAC submetidos a cirurgia emergente. Os doentes eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 70(±8) anos e história de tabagismo (n=4). Na admissão, os sintomas mais comuns foram dor lombar (n=4) e hipotensão/taquicardia (n=4). Outros sinais/sintomas frequentes foram massa abdominal pulsátil (n=3) e LRA/hematúria (n=2). Em dois doentes, a AngioTC na admissão revelou AAA com hematoma retroperitoneal sem evidência de FAC, que apenas foi diagnosticada intra-operatoriamente. Dois doentes foram submetidos a interposição aorto-bi-ilíaca com rafia endoaneurismática da fístula; um foi submetido a pontagem aorto-bi-femoral com rafia endoaneurismática da fístula e um foi submetido a exclusão endovascular com endoprótese aorto-bi-ilíaca Gore Excluder C3®. As perdas hemáticas foram muito superiores nos doentes submetidos a cirurgia convencional. As complicações pós-operatórias mais frequentes foram a LRA (n=3), insuficiência respiratória (n=2) e IHA (n=2). O doente submetido a EVAR aorto-bi-ilíaco não apresentou qualquer complicação pós-operatória, tendo alta ao 7º dia pós-operatório. Até aos 30 dias, verificou-se uma reintervenção: hemicolectomia esquerda por colite isquémica no 1º dia pós-operatório de cirurgia convencional. Após os 30 dias, observou-se 1 reintervenção: implantação de endoprótese bifurcada ilíaca por aneurisma ilíaco direito, no doente submetido a EVAR. Em dois casos, verificou-se o óbito no período pós-operatório precoce (2º e 3º dia). Os restantes doentes têm um follow-up de 66 e 29 meses.  Conclusões:  A FAC pode ocorrer em associação ou não a rotura de AAA com hematoma retroperitoneal e, nalguns casos, não é evidente na AngioTC e apenas detetada intra-operatoriamente. Tendo em conta a nossa experiência e o descrito na literatura, deve existir um elevado índice de suspeição para esta complicação dos AAA nos casos de congestão venosa aguda com disfunção orgânica de novo (LRA, ICA, IHA), mesmo na presença apenas de hematoma retroperitoneal imagiologicamente. A cirurgia convencional com rafia endoaneurismática da FAC e interposição protésica foi a técnica cirúrgica de eleição. No entanto, o tratamento endovascular, se exequível, aparenta ser eficaz e com menor morbilidade e mortalidade nos AAA complicados de FAC. O não encerramento da comunicação aorto-cava por via endovascular não parece resultar em morbilidade significativa. Se se verificar preenchimento da fístula por endoleak tipo II, apesar da evidência escassa na literatura, a vigilância clínica e imagiológica parece ser uma opção segura, desde que se associe a evolução favorável do saco aneurismático e ausência de sintomas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Aortocaval Fistula is a rare clinical entity associated with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in less than 1% of cases. Main clinical features include acute heart failure, lower extremety edema, acute kidney injury and acute liver failure. Open surgical repair is associated with high mortality rates (16-66%)(1). On the other hand, endovascular treatment could represent a less morbid and equally efective treatment option. The authors aim to describe clinical presentation, surgical options and post-operative results of the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms associated with aortocaval fistula, comparing their results to literature.  Material and Methods:  A retrospective review in a tertiary care center was designed. All patients treated for aortocaval fistula associated with AAA between January of 2014 and May of 2020 were included. Patient data were obtained by consulting the clinical record. Demographic, clinical, surgery and post-operative results and complications were obtained.  Results:  During this period, four patients submitted to emergent surgery were identified. All patients were male with a mean age of 70 (±8) years and with tobacco use history (n=4). On admission, most frequent symptoms we&amp;apos;re lumbar pain (n=4) and hipotension/tachycardia (n=4). Other frequent signs or symptoms we&amp;apos;re abdominal pulsatile mass (n=3) and acute kidney injury with hematuria (n=2). In two patients, CT angiography revealed rAAA with retroperitoneal hematoma without aortocaval fistula, which was only diagnosed intraoperatively. Two patients were submitted to aorto-bi-iliac interposition graft and one to aorto-bi-femoral bypass, all with endoaneurysmal suture of the fistula. One patient was submitted to aorto-bi-iliac EVAR with a Gore Excluder C3® endoprosthesis. Most common post-operative complications were AKI (n=3), respiratory failure (n=2) and acute liver failure (n=2). The aorto-bi-iliac EVAR patient did not present any 30 day post-operative complication and was discharged at the 7th post-operative day. There was 1 secondary intervention within the first 30 days: left hemicolectomy for ischemic colitis. After 30 days we observed one reintervention: implantation of right iliac branch device due to an iliac aneurysm Two patients died in the early postoperative period (2nd and 3rd days). The remaining patients have a follow-up of 29 and 66 months.  Conclusions:  ACF can occur with or without AAA with retroperitoneal hematoma. In the presence of retroperitoneal hematoma, the ACF could not be evident in CT angiography and only detected intraoperatively. Considering our experience and what is described in literature, we should have a high index of suspicion for this possible complication of rAAA in the presence of acute venous congestion with acute onset of organ failure (AKI, acute cardiac or liver failure), even if CT angiography only reveals retroperitoneal hematoma. Conventional surgery with endoaneurysmal suture of the fistula and interposition graft was the preferred technique, but if endovascular exclusion is feasible, it could be effective and associated with less morbimortality. In endovascular treatment, failure to close aortocaval communication does not appear to result in higher long-term morbidity and monitoring seems plausible in the presence of favorable evolution of the aneurysmal sac and in the absence of symptoms.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Fístula aorto-cava]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Aneurisma da aorta abdominal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aorto-caval fistula]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beaulieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Black]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aortocaval Fistula: Is Endovascular Repair the Preferred Solution?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of Vascular Surgery]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobrinho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capitão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute ischemic hepatitis in aortocaval fistula]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davidovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dragas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cvetkovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kostic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cinara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banzic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Twenty years of experience in the treatment of spontaneous aorto-venous fistulas in a developing country]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Surg]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Javerliat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coggia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Centa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfonsi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goëau-Brissonnière]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Undiagnosed aorto-caval fistula during total laparoscopic abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A cause of conversion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dauphine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kovar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donayre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Virgilio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abdominal aortic aneurysm with aortocaval fistula and a separate retroperitoneal rupture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vascular]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotsikoris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papanas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrikopoulou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bessias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aortocaval fistula formation due to ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: A 12-year series]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vasc Endovascular Surg]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Umezawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goshima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hattori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nishii]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surgery for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm with an aortocaval and iliac vein fistula]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Surgery Today]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhillon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morrow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Aortocaval Fistula-Staged Endovascular Management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Vasc Interv Radiol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van De Luijtgaarden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastos Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rouwet E]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hendriks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ten Raa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verhagen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conservative management of persistent aortocaval fistula after endovascular aortic repair]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Vasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mauro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SIR 2003 film panel case 8: Aortocaval fistula supplied by a type II endoleak]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Vasc Interv Radiol]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Theivacumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aortocaval fistula, a potentially favourable complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture in endovascular repair]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann R Coll Surg Engl]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parikh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borkon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mocharla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lonier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenzweig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endovascular repair of contained abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture with aortocaval fistula presenting with high-output heart failure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vasc Endovascular Surg]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arslan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Labropoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endovascular therapy of spontaneous aortocaval fistulae associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vascular]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Umscheid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stelter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endovascular treatment of an aortic aneurysm ruptured into the inferior vena cava]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Endovasc Ther]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vetrhus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McWilliams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brennan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilling-Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms with aortocaval fistula]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endovascular stent-graft repair of spontaneous aorto-caval fistula secondary to a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: An emergency management of hostile anatomy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SAGE Open Med Case Reports]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emergent Endovascular Repair of Challenging Aortocaval Fistula with Hostile Anatomy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vasc Endovascular Surg]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Delayed Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Aorto-caval Fistula with Correction of Physiologic and Metabolic Abnormalities: A Disease Process Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Vasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elkassaby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alawy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hynes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tawfick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sultan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Total endovascular management of ruptured aortocaval fistula: Technical challenges and case report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vascular]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JRF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franklin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bortoluzzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GDN.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endovascular treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm with aortocaval fistula based on aortic and inferior vena cava stent-graft placement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Vasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janczak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chabowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szydelko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcarek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endovascular exclusion of a large spontaneous aortocaval fistula in a patient with a ruptured aortic aneurysm]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vascular]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sultan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alawy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elkassaby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aortic and inferior vena cava bifurcated stent graft application in the endovascular management of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm with an aortocaval fistula]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Vasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahouagi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalcante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SFA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beteli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tratamento endovascular de aneurisma de aorta abdominal com fístula aorto-cava utilizando oclusor vascular concomitante a endoprótese bifurcada: Relato de caso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Vasc Bras]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzzardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fossaceca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Divenuto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musiani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brustia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carriero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endovascular treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm with aortocaval fistula]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brightwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pegna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boyne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aortocaval fistula: Current management strategies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ANZ Journal of Surgery]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abichedid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endovascular treatment of major abdominal arteriovenous fistulas: A systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vascular and Endovascular Surgery]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheehan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maithel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Putnam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khalsa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Novel Utility of Amplatzer Septal Occlusion Device to Treat Persistent Aortocaval Fistula following Ruptured Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair (rEVAR)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Vasc Surg]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saratzis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saratzis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazaridis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiskinis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inferior vena cava stent-graft placement to treat endoleak associated with an aortocaval fistula]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Endovasc Ther]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sveinsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sonesson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Resch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias N]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aneurysm shrinkage is compatible with massive endoleak in the presence of an aortocaval fistula: Potential therapeutic implications for endoleaks and spinal cord ischemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Endovasc Ther]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Labarbera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nathanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Percutaneous closure of aortocaval fistula using the amplatzer muscular VSD occluder]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Invasive Cardiol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sfyroeras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moulakakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bessias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsanis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Georgakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Persistent endoleak after endovascular exclusion of an aortocaval fistula, producing renal insufficiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vasa - J Vasc Dis]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
