<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1646-740X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medievalista]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Medievalista]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1646-740X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Estudos Medievais, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1646-740X2023000100153</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4000/medievalista.6292</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Hospitaller Castles and Fortifications in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1136-1291]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Castelos e fortificações do Hospital no Reino de Jerusalém, 1136-1291]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pringle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Denys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Cardiff University School of History, Archaeology and Religion ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cardiff ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>33</numero>
<fpage>153</fpage>
<lpage>197</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1646-740X2023000100153&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1646-740X2023000100153&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1646-740X2023000100153&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper presents a historical and archaeological overview of the castles and other fortifications built and occupied by the Order of the Hospital of St John in the Kingdom of Jerusalem between 1136, when the order acquired the castle of Bayt Jibr&#299;n, and the final Mamluk siege of Acre in 1291, during which it defended a section of the city walls. Topics discussed include the order&#8217;s contribution to the defence of towns and cities in which they were not the sole or even the major property owner, as well as their own construction and possession of a range of other fortifications from major castles to lesser structures, including towers and maisons fortes. In each case, equal attention is paid to the buildings themselves and to the administrative system of bailiffs and castellans through which they were managed and operated. As the military situation became ever more precarious during the 13th century, the order also took over and briefly held three major castles, whose owners were unable to defend them: Ascalon between 1241 and 1247, Mount Tabor between 1255 and 1263, and Ars&#363;f between 1261 and 1265.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este artigo apresenta um panorama histórico e arqueológico dos castelos e outras fortificações, construídos e ocupados pela Ordem do Hospital de São João no Reino de Jerusalém, entre 1136, quando a ordem adquiriu o castelo de Bayt Jibr&#299;n, e o último cerco mameluco de Acre em 1291, durante o qual defendeu uma parte das muralhas da cidade. Os tópicos discutidos incluem o contributo da ordem para a defesa de vilas e cidades, nas quais ela não era a única, nem mesmo a principal proprietária, bem como a construção e posse de uma série de outras fortificações, desde castelos importantes a estruturas menores, incluindo torres e casas-fortes. Para cada caso, foi dada idêntica atenção aos edifícios e à estrutura administrativa de bailias e castelanias, através dos quais eram geridas e exploradas. À medida que a situação militar se tornava cada vez mais precária, durante o século XIII, a ordem também assumiu e manteve, por curto período, três castelos principais cujos proprietários não podiam defendê-los: Ascalon entre 1241 e 1247, Monte Tabor entre 1255 e 1263 e Ars&#363;f entre 1261 e 1265.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hospitallers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fortifications]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[castles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[castellans]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Hospitalários]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Reino de Jerusalém]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[fortificações]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[castelos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[castelanias]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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