<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1646-9895</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[RISTI - Revista Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[RISTI]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1646-9895</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[AISTI - Associação Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1646-98952021000100097</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17013/risti.41.97-111</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Un marco de trabajo basado en tecnología blockchain para mejorar la trazabilidad y la confianza en el intercambio de información entre Instituciones de Educación Superior.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A framework based on blockchain technology to improve traceability, and trust in the exchange of information between Higher Education Institutions.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nelson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Loja ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>41</numero>
<fpage>97</fpage>
<lpage>111</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1646-98952021000100097&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1646-98952021000100097&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1646-98952021000100097&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Blockchain (BC) es una forma de tecnología de contabilidad distribuida (DLT) que ha ganado una atención y adopción destacadas en los últimos años. BC reduce los riesgos a los que son propensos los sistemas centralizados, a través de la descentralización de datos. Sin embargo, existe el gran reto de introducir esta tecnología a la sociedad. El artículo presenta un marco de trabajo desarrollado para aplicación de tecnología BC en el ámbito de la educación. El marco está compuesto por un conjunto de pasos como referencia para elaborar aplicaciones descentralizadas (DApps), además, presenta la elección de herramientas utilizadas en diferentes propuestas de este ámbito. Por último, se desarrolla una arquitectura robusta que puede ser implementada en diferentes DApps. El marco se valida en el caso de certificación académica y la gestión de propiedad intelectual, que incluye beneficiados y un análisis del aporte de esta tecnología en cada ámbito. El marco permite entender de manera precisa el funcionamiento de la tecnología BC y su aporte en la educación, ayuda a realizar un seguimiento y asegura la inmutabilidad de cada elemento académico individual de una manera escalable, ayuda a reducir los niveles de riesgo, elimina varios fraudes y malas prácticas, potencia la transparencia, y también ayuda a aumentar las medidas de seguridad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Blockchain (BC) is a form of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), have gained prominent attentiveness and adoption in recent years. BC decreases the risks that centralized systems are prone to, through decentralization of data. However, there is the great challenge of introducing this technology to society. The article presents a framework developed for the application of BC technology in the field of education. The framework is composed of a set of steps as a reference to develop decentralized applications (DApps), in addition, it presents the choice of tools used in different proposals in this area. Finally, a robust architecture is developed that can be implemented on different DApps. The framework is validated in the case of academic certification and intellectual property management, which includes beneficiaries and an analysis of the contribution of this technology in each area. The framework provides an accurate understanding of how BC technology works and how it contributes to education; aids to keeping track and ensures the immutability of each individual academic item in a scalable way, helps in reduce the levels of risk, stamps out various frauds and malpractices, helps in maintaining transparency, and also helps in raising the security measures.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Blockchain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aplicaciones descentralizadas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Blockchain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[DApps, education]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alammary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhazmi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almasri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gillani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blockchain-based applications in education: A systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Sciences (Switzerland)]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alsayed Kassem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sayeed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marco-Gisbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pervez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[DNS-IdM: A Blockchain Identity Management System to Secure Personal Data Sharing in a Network]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Sciences]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>2953</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bahga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madisetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blockchain Platform for Industrial Internet of Things]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Software Engineering and Applications]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>09</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>533-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouyang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Discussion of College and University Laboratory Safety Management System Using Blockchain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Physics: Conference Series]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>1213</volume>
<page-range>052018</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartolomé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blockchain en Educación: introducción y crítica al estado de la cuestión]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Edutec Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>a363</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bessa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Blockchain-based Educational Record Repository]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camilleri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grech]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Blockchain in education]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Joint Research Centre]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ezeudu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nworgi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of Blockchain-based Technology in Chemistry Education Students &#8217; Data Management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Database Theory and Application]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>11-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franzoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almazan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Using Blockchain to Store Teachers&#8217; Certification in Basic Education in Mexico]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>217-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boucherle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Do]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Baz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wharton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blockchain fo social impact: Moving Beyond the hype]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[RippleWorks]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>82</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gräther]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kolvenbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schütte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wendland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Blockchain for Education: Lifelong Learning Passport]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ ERCIM Blockchain Workshop 2018, Reports of the European Society for Socially Embedded Technologies]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Use of blockchain technology for Academic Certification in Higher Education Institutions]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ XV Conferencia Latinoamericana de Tecnologias de Aprendizaje (LACLO)]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jirgensons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapenieks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blockchain and the Future of Digital Learning Credential Assessment and Management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>145-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khanuja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Implementation of blockchain technology in education system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>3823-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuppusamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blockchain Architecture to Higher Education Systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management &amp; Applied Science]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>124-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>LuxTag</collab>
<source><![CDATA[e-Scroll, Certificados educativos digitales en la cadena de bloques]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Visual and User-Defined Smart Contract Designing System Based on Automatic Coding]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Access]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>73131-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mikroyannidis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domingue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bachler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Smart Blockchain Badges for Data Science Education]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Frontiers in Education Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocheja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flanagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ueda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Managing lifelong learning records through blockchain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schabram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Guide to Conducting a Systematic Literature Review of Information Systems Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sprouts]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<issue>26</issue>
<page-range>10-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassanain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rashid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamim Hossain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spatial Blockchain-Based Secure Mass Screening Framework for Children with Dyslexia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Access]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>61876-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sahmim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gharsellaoui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouamama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Edge Computing: Smart Identity Wallet Based Architecture and User Centric]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia Computer Science]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>159</volume>
<page-range>1246-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Certificates on Blockchain]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universal Computer Science]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subramanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pro MERN Stack]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Apress]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tapscott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Blockchain Revolution in Education and Lifelong Learning: Preparing for Disruption, Leading the Transformation]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IBM Institute for Business Value]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turkanovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hölbl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kosic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hericko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamisalic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EduCTX: A blockchain-based higher education credit platform]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Access]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>5112-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wanotayapitak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saraubon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nilsook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Process design of cooperative education management system by cloud-based blockchain E-Portfolio]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>4-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identity Management Systems for the Internet of Things: A Survey Towards Blockchain Solutions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
