<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2182-5173</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Port Med Geral Fam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2182-5173</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Associação Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2182-51732021000200133</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32385/rpmgf.v37i2.12784</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Canabinoides na dor crónica: uma revisão baseada na evidência.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cannabinoids in chronic pain: an evidence-based review.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo Garcia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Remtula]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sofia Piarali]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tiago Castelar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,ACeS Lisboa Ocidental e Oeiras USF Conde de Oeiras ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Oeiras ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>133</fpage>
<lpage>144</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2182-51732021000200133&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2182-51732021000200133&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2182-51732021000200133&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Objetivo:  Avaliar a evidência existente relativa à eficácia de canabinoides no tratamento da dor crónica. Fontes de dados: MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, TRIP Database, National Guideline Clearing House, Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines.  Métodos de revisão:  Utilizando os termos MeSH cannabis e chronic pain fez-se, em agosto de 2019, uma pesquisa de meta-análises (MA), revisões sistemáticas (RS), estudos observacionais (EO), ensaios clínicos (EC) e guidelines, publicados em português e inglês, sem limite temporal. Incluíram-se estudos realizados em adultos com dor crónica, independentemente da causa, submetidos a terapêutica com canabinoides, excluindo-se aqueles com intervenção em dor aguda. Utilizou-se a escala Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy, da American Academy of Family Physicians, para atribuir níveis de evidência (NE) e força de recomendação (FR).  Resultados:  Dos 244 artigos encontrados, 16 cumpriram os critérios de inclusão: nove RS, quatro EC duplo-cegos aleatorizados e controlados com placebo, dois estudos retrospetivos de série de casos e um estudo prospetivo de série de casos. Todos os estudos selecionados abordavam dor crónica, mas de etiologia diversa (oncológica, neuropática, reumatológica, visceral). Os resultados entre os estudos não foram consistentes. Parece haver algum benefício na dor neuropática e na dor oncológica, embora haja consenso pelas revisões de que serão necessários estudos de maior dimensão e duração para que a utilização de canabinoides tenha evidência robusta. Podem verificar-se efeitos adversos gastrointestinais e nas funções cognitiva e motora, sobretudo com as preparações contendo maior dosagem de tetrahidrocanabinol. Não há evidência para utilização em dor de origem reumatológica ou visceral. Não se atribuiu NE 1 a qualquer estudo.  Conclusões:  A utilização de canabinoides, embora promissora e com eventual benefício identificado em pequenos estudos para alguns tipos de dor crónica (sobretudo a neuropática), tem evidência limitada (FR B) e requer a realização de ensaios de maior qualidade e dimensão. Devem ser considerados a eficácia e os possíveis efeitos secundários a longo prazo em estudos de maior duração, algo que poderá ser alcançado com a crescente utilização dos fármacos na prática clínica. Com base na evidência disponível, os canabinoides poderão ser uma solução de última linha em casos de dor refratária neuropática e oncológica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Aim:  To review the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of cannabinoids in the treatment of chronic pain.  Data sources:  MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, TRIP Database, National Guideline Clearing House, Canadian Medical Association Practice Guidelines.  Methods:  In August 2019, we searched for meta-analysis (MA), systematic reviews (SR), observational studies (OS), clinical trials (CT), and guidelines, published in Portuguese and English, with no time limit, using the MeSH terms &#8216;cannabis&#8217; and &#8216;chronic pain&#8217;. The studies that were included were the ones regarding cannabinoid treatment for chronic pain of any cause in adults. Any study regarding acute pain was excluded. The Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy scale, from the American Academy of Family Physicians, was applied to assign levels of evidence (LE) and strength of recommendation (SOR).  Results:  A total of 244 articles were obtained, and 16 of those fulfilled the inclusion criteria: nine SR, four randomized double-blind CT, two retrospective case-series studies, and one prospective case-series study. All studies focused on chronic pain, but the etiology varied between studies (oncologic pain, neuropathic pain, rheumatologic pain, visceral pain). The results were not consistent between the studies. Although there may be some benefits to neuropathic pain, the reviews are all in agreement that greater dimension and longer duration CT are necessary for cannabinoids usage to have robust evidence. Gastrointestinal as well as motor and cognitive function adverse effects may occur, especially with preparations containing a higher dosage of tetrahydrocannabinol. There is no evidence for treatments with cannabinoids in rheumatologic pain. LE 1 was not assigned to any of the included studies.  Conclusions:  The therapeutic usage of cannabinoids, while promising and with likely benefit identified in some small studies for some types of chronic pain (especially neuropathic), has limited evidence (SOR B), and requires some higher quality, bigger studies. The possible long-term efficacy and side effects should be considered on longer clinical trials, which may be achieved with the rise of the prescriptions of these compounds. Regarding the current evidence, cannabinoids can be the last resort solution in cases of refractory neuropathic and oncologic pain.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Canábis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Canabinoides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Dor crónica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cannabis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cannabinoids]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chronic pain]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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