<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2182-5173</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Port Med Geral Fam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2182-5173</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Associação Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2182-51732021000600550</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32385/rpmgf.v37i6.12921</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Atualização sobre a definição, consequências e diagnóstico da sarcopenia: uma revisão literária]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Update on the definition, consequences, and diagnosis of sarcopenia: a literature review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vitor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deminice]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Washington Seattle Department of Child, Family and Population Health Nursing ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Washington ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual de Londrina Departamento de Educação Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Londrina Paraná]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>550</fpage>
<lpage>563</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2182-51732021000600550&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2182-51732021000600550&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2182-51732021000600550&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  A sarcopenia é definida como uma desordem muscular esquelética progressiva e generalizada que está associada a maior probabilidade de complicações de saúde, incluindo quedas, fraturas, incapacidade física e mortalidade. Esta desordem, anteriormente entendida como uma condição inerente à idade, apresenta causas diferentes e afeta muitos indivíduos independentemente da idade. A sarcopenia é atualmente reconhecida como uma condição patológica e foi incluída na Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10-CM - M62.84).  Objetivo:  Apresentar uma revisão literária sobre as causas da sarcopenia, epidemiologia e forma e métodos de diagnóstico atualmente utilizados.  Fontes de dados:  MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase e SciELO (pesquisa inicial) e referências bibliográficas dos artigos selecionados da pesquisa primária (pesquisa em cascata).  Métodos de revisão:  Utilizou-se uma combinação dos seguintes termos: sarcopenia, diagnóstico, definição operacional, prevalência, consequências. Foram considerados artigos originais, artigos de revisão, diretrizes clínicas e consensos em inglês e português publicados desde 1989 (ano da proposta do termo sarcopenia) até maio de 2020.  Resultados:  As principais referências selecionadas foram os artigos que tratavam da definição de sarcopenia. Foram também selecionados os artigos relacionados com testes e avaliações utilizados para o diagnóstico da sarcopenia e artigos que descrevem a prevalência da sarcopenia em diferentes populações.  Conclusões:  Considerando a evolução histórica do diagnóstico da doença, é notório tentar aproximar o conhecimento científico da prática clínica com a sugestão de métodos e pontos de corte que facilitam a identificação imediata da sarcopenia. No entanto, há um elevado número de diferentes posições e definições operacionais de sarcopenia, o que dificulta a determinação da prevalência real. Apesar dos recentes desenvolvimentos na compreensão da sarcopenia, uma definição operacional definitiva e a melhor forma de diagnosticar a sarcopenia ainda são motivo de debate. Assim, acredita-se que a atual definição operacional não é definitiva e pode sofrer alterações consideráveis à medida que o conhecimento sobre a sarcopenia se desenvolve.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with a greater likelihood of health complications, including falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. Sarcopenia, which was previously described as a condition inherent to age, has different recognized causal factors and affects many individuals regardless of age. Due to its importance and consequences, sarcopenia is currently recognized as a pathological condition and has a code in the international classification of diseases (ICD 10 - M62.84).  Purpose:  To present a literature review on the causal factors, epidemiology, and methods of diagnosis of sarcopenia currently employed.  Data sources:  MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and SciELO (initial research) and references of selected papers from the primary research.  Review methods:  A combination of the following terms was used: sarcopenia, diagnosis, operational definition, prevalence, consequences. Original papers, review papers, clinical guidelines, and consensus in English and Portuguese published between 1989 (the year of the proposition of the term sarcopenia) until May 2020 were considered.  Results: The main references selected were papers related to the sarcopenia definition. We also selected papers related to tests and assessments used for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, and papers describing the prevalence of sarcopenia in different populations.  Conclusions:  Considering the historical evolution of sarcopenia diagnosis, it is notorious the attempt to bring scientific knowledge closer to clinical practice with the suggestion of methods and cutoff points that facilitate the immediate identification of sarcopenia. However, there are many different propositions and operational definitions of sarcopenia making it difficult to determine its actual prevalence. Despite recent developments in the understanding of sarcopenia, a definitive operational definition and the best way to diagnose sarcopenia are still a matter of debate. Thus, we believe that the current operational definition is not definitive and can undergo considerable changes as knowledge about this field advances.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Sarcopenia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Fragilidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Envelhecimento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Epidemiologia.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sarcopenia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Frailty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aging]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Epidemiology.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Summary comments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1231-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia origins and clinical relevance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<numero>5 Suppl</numero>
<issue>5 Suppl</issue>
<page-range>990S-1S</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Jentoft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baeyens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boirie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cederholm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia European consensus on definition and diagnosis (report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Age Ageing]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>412-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Haehling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Welcome to the ICD-10 code for sarcopenia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>512-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lynch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current pharmacotherapies for sarcopenia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Expert Opin Pharmacother]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>1645-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumgartner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koehler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallagher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heymsfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>147</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>755-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Jentoft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bahat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boirie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruyère]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cederholm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Age Ageing]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>16-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Engelhardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Strength and muscle mass loss with aging process age and strength loss]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Muscles Ligaments Tendons J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>346-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and determinant factors of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetes Care]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1497-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chindapasirt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia in cancer patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asian Pac J Cancer Prev]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>8075-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risks of sarcopenia and pre-sarcopenia in Chinese elderly]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Rep]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>38937</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borsari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erlandson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deminice]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1009-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shafiee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keshtkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soltani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larijani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heshmat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world a systematic review and meta-analysis of general population studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Diabetes Metab Disord]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ethgen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beaudart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buckinx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruyère]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reginster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The future prevalence of sarcopenia in Europe a claim for public health action]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Calcif Tissue Int]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>229-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goates]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arensberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaillard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity vary with race/ethnicity and advancing age]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Divers Equal Health Care]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>175-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leopoldino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henschke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of sarcopenia in older Brazilians a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geriatr Gerontol Int]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dodds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirkwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jagger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and incidence of sarcopenia in the very old findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>229-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalance of sarcopenia according to decade]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nutr ESPEN]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>137-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ngeuleu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medrare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rkain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hajjaj-Hassouni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis prevalence, influence of disease activity and associated factors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rheumatol Int]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1015-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prognostic value of sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kadoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence and related clinical factors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetol Int]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>136-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Addison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kundi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia in peripheral arterial disease prevalence and effect on functional status]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Phys Med Rehabil]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>623-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McNicholas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Creavin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia and inflammatory bowel disease a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>67-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maddocks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canavan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nolan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia in COPD prevalence, clinical correlates and response to pulmonary rehabilitation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Thorax]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>213-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avesani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindholm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amparo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease on conservative therapy prevalence and association with mortality]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nephrol Dial Transplant]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1718-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corrêa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colugnati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mansur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease not yet on dialysis analysis of the prevalence and associated factors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Onishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shiraki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nishimura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moriwaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shimizu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of sarcopenia and its relationship with nutritional state and quality of life in patients with digestive diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr Sci Vitaminol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>445-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corallo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fioravanti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tenti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pecetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nuti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giordano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia in systemic sclerosis the impact of nutritional, clinical, and laboratory features]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rheumatol Int]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1767-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors in hospitalised older patients a cross-sectional study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Australas J Ageing]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>62-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vetrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pisciotta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laudisio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo Monaco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Onder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia in Parkinson disease comparison of different criteria and association with disease severity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Med Dir Assoc]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>523-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia as a predictor of all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older people a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Maturitas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>16-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome predicts mortality in hospitalized older patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Rep]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3171</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villaseñor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballard-Barbash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumgartner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumgartner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McTiernan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and prognostic effect of sarcopenia in breast cancer survivors the HEAL Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cancer Surviv]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>398-406</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pichel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Financial impact of sarcopenia on hospitalization costs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1046-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janssen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shepard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katzmarzyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roubenoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Geriatr Soc]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>80-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steffl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shiells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmerova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The increase in health care costs associated with muscle weakness in older people without long-term illnesses in the Czech Republic results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Interv Aging]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>2003-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dawson-Hughes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bischoff-Ferrari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Considerations concerning the definition of sarcopenia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Osteoporos Int]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>3139-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janssen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumgartner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roubenoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Skeletal muscle cutpoints associated with elevated physical disability risk in older men and women]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>159</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>413-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muscaritoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Argilés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aversa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) "cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases" and "nutrition in geriatrics". Clin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>154-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fielding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vellas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhasin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sarcopenia an undiagnosed condition in older adults. Current consensus definition: prevalence, etiology, and consequences]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Med Dir Assoc]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>249-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schaap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adiposity, muscle mass, and muscle strength in relation to functional decline in older persons]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epidemiol Rev]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>51-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangarajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez-Jaramillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avezum Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orlandini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prognostic value of grip strength findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>386</volume>
<numero>9990</numero>
<issue>9990</issue>
<page-range>266-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sturnieks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Close]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sachdev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Strength measures are better than muscle mass measures in predicting health-related outcomes in older people time to abandon the term sarcopenia?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Osteoporos Int]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>59-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malmstrom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simonsick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[SARC-F a symptom score to predict persons with sarcopenia at risk for poor functional outcomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>28-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menezes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bielemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malmstrom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enhancing SARC-F improving sarcopenia screening in the clinical practice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Med Dir Assoc]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1136-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Syddall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies towards a standardised approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Age Ageing]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>423-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa-Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Differences in handgrip strength protocols to identify sarcopenia and frailty a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Geriatr]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>238</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacDermid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solomon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fedorczyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Clinical assessment recommendations: impairment-based conditions]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<edition>3</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Mount Laurel ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[American Society of Hand Therapists]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Versão brasileira da Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB): adaptação cultural e estudo da confiabilidade]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Campinas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unicamp]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogrin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zanker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al Saedi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Agreement between initial and revised European working group on sarcopenia in older people definitions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Med Dir Assoc.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>382-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rothney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brychta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schaefer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skarulis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry half-body scans in obese adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Obesity]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1281-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Genton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pichard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validation of a bioelectrical impedance analysis equation to predict appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>537-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lukaski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolonchuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validation of tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess human body composition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Appl Physiol]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1327-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guralnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simonsick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glynn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berkman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blazer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>M85-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglseder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alzner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayr-Pirker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pirich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kässmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consequences of applying the new EWGSOP2 guideline instead of the former EWGSOP guideline for sarcopenia case finding in older patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Age Ageing]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>719-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
