<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2182-7435</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2182-7435</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudos Sociais]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2182-74352022000100006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4000/rccs.12785</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Asilo y refugio. El legado colonial en el humanitarismo actual]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Asylum and Refuge. The Colonial Legacy in Today&#8217;s Humanitarianism]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Asile et refuge. L&#8217;héritage colonial dans l&#8217;humanitarisme actuel]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Estramil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivana Belén]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del País Vasco Instituto Hegoa ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bilbao ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>127</numero>
<fpage>6</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2182-74352022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2182-74352022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2182-74352022000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este artículo se analiza la huella colonial presente en la gestión humanitaria actual, atendiendo al caso concreto de asilo y refugio en Europa, trazando un devenir histórico a partir de las consideraciones plasmadas por Bartolomé de las Casas en su obra Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias. Partiendo de esta obra, se analizan distintos periodos de la gestión internacional del humanitarismo, para destacar aquellos aspectos que se van modificando en su forma de actuar pero que continúan estando marcados por la visión colonial y la perpetúan. Se repara en la concepción colonial del sujeto de atención del humanitarismo, partiendo de la hipótesis de que la huella colonial en la definición y reconocimiento del &#8220;otro&#8221; vulnerable susceptible de protección actúa también hacia el interior de los Estados europeos, donde el procedimiento de asilo es un claro exponente de la construcción ética normativa que legitima una jerarquía que se impone a quien solicita asilo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article analyzes the colonial mark present in current humanitarian management, focusing on the specific case of asylum and place of safety in Europe, tracing a historical evolution based on the considerations expressed by Bartolomé de las Casas in his work Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias. Starting from this work, different periods of the international management of humanitarianism are analyzed, in order to highlight the aspects which are changing in their way of acting but continue to be marked by the colonial vision, thus perpetuating it. Particular attention is paid to the colonial conception of the subject of Humanitarism, starting from the hypothesis that the colonial mark in the definition and recognition of the vulnerable &#8220;other&#8221; susceptible to protection also acts within the European states, where the asylum procedure is a clear exponent of the normative ethical construction which legitimizes a hierarchy that is imposed on those applying for asylum.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé Cet article analyse l&#8217;empreinte coloniale présente dans la gestion humanitaire actuelle, en s&#8217;occupant du cas spécifique de l&#8217;asile et du refuge en Europe, en traçant une évolution historique à partir des considérations exprimées par Bartolomé de las Casas dans son ouvrage Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias. A partir de cet ouvrage, différentes périodes de la gestion internationale de l&#8217;humanitarisme sont analysées, pour mettre en évidence les aspects qui ont changé dans la façon d&#8217;agir mais qui continuent d&#8217;être marqués par la vision coloniale et de la perpétuer. La conception coloniale du sujet de l&#8217;attention humanitaire est mise en évidence, à partir de l&#8217;hypothèse de que l&#8217;empreinte coloniale dans la définition et la reconnaissance de « l&#8217;autre » vulnérable susceptible de protection agit également au sein des États européens, où la procédure d&#8217;asile est un exposant clair de la construction éthique normative qui légitime une hiérarchie imposée à qui demande asile.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[asilo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colonialismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[intervención humanitaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[protección a los refugiados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[asylum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[colonialism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[humanitarian intervention]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[protection of refugees]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[asile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[colonialisme]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[intervention humanitaire]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[protection aux réfugiés]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[At the Margins of the World: The Refugee Experience Today]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Polity Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gérer les indésirables: des camps de réfugiés au gouvernement humanitaire]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Flammarion]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anghie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Francisco de Vitoria and the Colonial Origins of International Law]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Legal Studies]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>321-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anghie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anghie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Evolution of International Law: Colonial and Postcolonial Realities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Third World Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>739-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anghie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hacia un Derecho Internacional Poscolonial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho y Crítica Social]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>71-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arcos Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Federico]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Guerras en defensa de los derechos humanos? Problemas de legitimidad en las intervenciones humanitarias]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Dykinson]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Empire of Humanity. A History of Humanitarianism]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gary]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Freedom&#8217;s Battle. The Origins of Humanitarian Intervention]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Vintage Book]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bentham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jeremy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El panóptico]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Globus]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruckner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pascal]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La tentación de la inocencia]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anagrama]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Butler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Judith]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Athanasiou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Athena]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desposesión: lo performativo en lo político]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Eterna Cadencia Editora]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bartolomé de las]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sarpe]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bartolomé de las]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Brevísima relación de la destrucción de África]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial San Esteban]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henri]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Recuerdo de Solferino]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Mateu]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jenny]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Missing. Persons and Politics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fanon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frantz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Piel negra, máscaras blancas]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Akal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fassin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Didier]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El irresistible ascenso del derecho a la vida. Razón humanitaria y justicia social]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Antropología Social]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>191-204</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La verdad y las formas jurídicas]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gedisa editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nacimiento de la biopolítica. Curso en el Collège de France (1978-1979)]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Vigilar y castigar. Nacimiento de la prisión]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foucault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El gobierno de sí y de los otros. Curso del Collège de France (1982-1983)]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Akal]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Mahamut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosario]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galparsolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Régimen jurídico del derecho de asilo en la ley 12/2009]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giusti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El humanitarismo, ¿un nuevo ideal moral?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ISEGORÍA. Revista de Filosofía Moral y Política]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>151-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guilhot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicolas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Les professionnels de la démocratie. Logiques militantes et logiques savantes dans le nouvel internationalisme américain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>139</numero>
<issue>139</issue>
<page-range>53-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guilhot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicolas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Financiers, philanthropes. Vocations éthiques et reproduction du capital à Wall Street depuis 1970]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Raisons d&#8217;agir]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guilhot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicolas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Democracy Makers. Human Rights and The Politics of Global Order]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Columbia University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guilhot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicolas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reforming the World: George Soros, Global Capitalism and the Philanthropic Management of the Social Sciences]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Sociology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>447-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Imperio]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hours]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[L&#8217;idéologie humanitaire ou le spectacle de l&#8217;altérité perdue]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[L&#8217;Harmattan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ignatieff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El honor del guerrero. Guerra étnica y conciencia moderna]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taurus]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ignatieff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los derechos humanos como política e idolatría]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brière]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[La]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yves]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El derecho de la guerra justa: tradición teológica y adaptaciones contemporáneas]]></source>
<year>1944</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Jus]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mignolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Walter D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Who Speaks for the &#8216;Human&#8217; in Human Rights?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hispanic Issues On Line]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>7-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guía sobre el Derecho de Asilo]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montesquieu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Barón de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Del espíritu de las leyes]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tecnos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moulin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Os direitos humanos dos humanos sem direitos. Refugiados e a política do protesto]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>76</numero>
<issue>76</issue>
<page-range>145-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nerín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustau]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Blanco bueno busca negro pobre. Una crítica a los organismos de cooperación y las ONG]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Roca Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nietzsche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Friedrich]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Genealogía de la moral]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tecnos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noiriel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La tyrannie du national. Le droit d&#8217;asile en Europe]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Calmann-Lévy]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roland]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[International Peacebuilding and the &#8216;Mission Civilisatrice&#8217;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of International Studies]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>637-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Orlando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Slavery and Social Death. A Comparative Study]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Massachusetts ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peytringet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gérard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Derecho internacional humanitario: evolución histórica, principios esenciales y mecanismos de aplicación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios de Derechos Humanos]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>II</volume>
<page-range>143-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jordi]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El espejismo humanitario. La especie solidaria al descubierto]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Debate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Doctors, Borders, and Life in Crisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cultural Anthropology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>328-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claire]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La construction d&#8217;une politique européenne de l&#8217;asile, entre discours et pratiques]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hommes et Migrations]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>1240</volume>
<page-range>81-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ética del siglo XXI]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Proteus]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Estramil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivana Belén]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Devenir refugiado en el procedimiento de asilo español]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Española de Sociología]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>3^ssupl. 2</numero>
<issue>3^ssupl. 2</issue>
<supplement>supl. 2</supplement>
<page-range>121-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Estramil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivana Belén]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biopolítica y biolegitimidad: apuntes desde el tratamiento del asilo y refugio]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ámbitos. Revista de Estudios de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>57-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Giménez Arrieta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Itziar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La historia de la intervención humanitaria. El imperialismo altruista]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Catarata]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabaratnam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Meera]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Decolonising Intervention. International Statebuilding in Mozambique]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rowman &amp; Littlefield]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Boaventura de Sousa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[If God Were a Human Rights Activist]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[California ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Standford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ginés de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tratado de las justas causas de la guerra contra los indios]]></source>
<year>1941</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sloterdijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[En el mismo barco. Ensayo sobre la hiperpolítica]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Siruela]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Todorov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tzvetan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La conquista de América: el problema del otro]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<edition>14</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UE - Unión Europea</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Un sistema europeo común de asilo]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Luxemburgo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oficina de publicaciones de la Unión Europea]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weheliye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexander G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Habeas Viscus: Racializing Assemblages, Biopolitics, and Black Feminist Theories of the Human]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Durham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Duke University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
