<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2182-7435</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2182-7435</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudos Sociais]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2182-74352025000200193</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4000/14y4p</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Palestine and the limits of international law]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Palestina e os limites do direito internacional]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[La Palestine et les limites du droit international]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krever]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Cambridge Faculty of Law ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Cambridge Lauterpacht Centre for International Law ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Cambridge Girton College ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>137</numero>
<fpage>193</fpage>
<lpage>210</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2182-74352025000200193&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2182-74352025000200193&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2182-74352025000200193&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In the wake of Israel&#8217;s most recent attacks on Gaza, international law took on renewed prominence in political discourse, with popular interest in international legal proceedings at a level seldom seen before. The article looks critically at the turn to international law and, in particular, at demands for the international criminal prosecution of Israel&#8217;s leaders, setting these appeals within the longer history of international criminal law and its inability to grapple with the material structures and systemic logics out of which violence and atrocity arise. It then turns to recent proposals for a Gaza Tribunal, setting these against the history of similar peoples&#8217; tribunals. In framing the horror unleashed on Gaza in terms of (il)legality and looking to international legal institutions, formal and popular alike, to advance an emancipatory politics, the article warns, progressive political movements risk naturalising the very structures and logics undergirding the violence they seek to condemn.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Na sequência dos mais recentes ataques de Israel a Gaza, o direito internacional assumiu uma proeminência renovada no discurso político, com o interesse popular em processos jurídicos internacionais a atingir um nível raramente visto antes. O artigo analisa criticamente o recurso ao direito internacional e, em particular, as exigências de responsabilização penal internacional dos líderes israelitas, enquadrando estas reivindicações na história mais longa do direito penal internacional e na sua incapacidade de lidar com as estruturas materiais e lógicas sistémicas de onde surgem a violência e as atrocidades. De seguida, aborda as propostas recentes de um Tribunal para Gaza, confrontando-as com a história de tribunais populares semelhantes. Ao enquadrar o horror desencadeado em Gaza em termos de (i)legalidade e ao se recorrer a instituições jurídicas internacionais, tanto formais como populares, para fazer avançar uma política emancipatória, o artigo adverte que os movimentos políticos progressistas correm o risco de naturalizar as mesmas estruturas e lógicas que reforçam a violência que procuram condenar.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé À la suite des attaques les plus récentes d&#8217;Israël contre Gaza, le droit international a retrouvé une place de premier plan dans le discours politique, suscitant un intérêt populaire pour les procédures juridiques internationales à un niveau rarement atteint auparavant. Cet article examine de manière critique le recours au droit international et, en particulier, les appels à la poursuite pénale internationale des dirigeants israéliens, en replaçant ces revendications dans l&#8217;histoire plus longue du droit pénal international et de son incapacité à appréhender les structures matérielles et les logiques systémiques à l&#8217;origine de la violence et des atrocités. Il se penche ensuite sur les propositions récentes d&#8217;un Tribunal pour Gaza, en les confrontant à l&#8217;histoire d&#8217;autres tribunaux populaires similaires. En encadrant l&#8217;horreur déclenchée à Gaza en termes de (il)légalité et en se tournant vers les institutions juridiques internationales, qu&#8217;elles soient officielles ou populaires, pour promouvoir une politique émancipatrice, l&#8217;article avertit que les mouvements politiques progressistes risquent de naturaliser les structures mêmes et les logiques qui soutiennent la violence qu&#8217;ils cherchent à condamner.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[international criminal law]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Palestine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[peoples&#8217; tribunals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[public interest]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[direito penal internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[interesse público]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Palestina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[tribunais populares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[droit pénal international]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[intérêt public]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Palestine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[tribunaux populaires]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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