<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2183-1351</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Radiológica Portuguesa]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Radiol Port]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2183-1351</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Radiologia e Medicina Nuclear]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2183-13512025000200011</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25748/arp.42190</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Decoding Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies Sip by Sip. Part 1 - Normal Findings]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Descodificar a Videofluoroscopia da Deglutição Gole-a-Gole. Parte 1 - Achados Normais]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riesenberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Inês]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vital]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[André]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urbano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martim]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João Lopes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,ULS São José Serviço de Radiologia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Lusíadas Lisboa Serviço de Radiologia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>11</fpage>
<lpage>19</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2183-13512025000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2183-13512025000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2183-13512025000200011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Deglutition is a complex neuromuscular mechanism that transforms and transports food to the oesophagus, while preventing aspiration to the airway. Defects in the swallowing mechanism are responsible for oropharyngeal dysphagia, a common symptom with increasing incidence in the elderly and with a negative impact in quality of life. Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies are dynamic and non-invasive imaging tests that complement the clinical evaluation of dysphagia and remain relevant in current clinical practice. These allow anatomic and functional characterization of the structures involved in swallowing and development of a targeted rehabilitation plan. This article reviews the deglutition mechanism, presents the imaging protocol used in our institution and summarizes key imaging findings in normal videofluoroscopic swallowing studies.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A deglutição é um mecanismo neuromuscular complexo que permite a transformação e passagem dos alimentos para o esófago, ao mesmo tempo que previne a aspiração de conteúdo alimentar para a via aérea. Defeitos no mecanismo da deglutição são responsáveis por disfagia orofaríngea, um sintoma comum, cuja incidência aumenta com o envelhecimento e que tem um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida. A videofluoroscopia da deglutição é um exame de imagem dinâmico e não invasivo, que complementa a avaliação clínica da disfagia e que tem relevância na prática clínica atual, permitindo uma caracterização anatómica e funcional das estruturas envolvidas na deglutição e o desenvolvimento de um plano de reabilitação dirigido. Este artigo revê o mecanismo da deglutição, apresenta o protocolo de estudo utilizado na nossa instituição e sumariza os principais achados imagiológicos num estudo de videofluoroscopia da deglutição normal.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Deglutition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Deglutition disorders]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Fluoroscopy.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Deglutition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Deglutition disorders]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fluoroscopy.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin-Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Logemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McMahon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schleicher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandidge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical utility of the modified barium swallow.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dysphagia]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>136-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madhavan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LaGorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carnaby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of and risk factors for dysphagia in the community dwelling elderly: a systematic review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr Health Aging.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>806-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wirth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pourhassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Streicher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiesmayr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schindler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sieber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of dysphagia on mortality of nursing home residents: results from the nutrition day project.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Med Dir Assoc.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>775-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krishnaswami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conover]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaezi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ciucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic and survival burden of dysphagia among inpatients in the United States.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dis Esophagus.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dysphagia revisited: common and unusual causes.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiographics]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>105-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdel Jalil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katzka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DO.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Approach to the patient with dysphagia.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Med.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>128</volume>
<page-range>1138.e17-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ACR-SPR Practice parameter for the performance of the modified barium swallow. 2023.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American College of Radiology]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anatomy and function of the normal swallowing mechanism]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Clinical Management of Swallowing Disorders]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>15-30</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Diego ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plural Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsuo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oral phase preparation and propulsion: anatomy, physiology, rheology, mastication, and transport]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belafsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Postman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Easterling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principles of Deglutition: A Multidisciplinary Text for Swallowing and its Disorders]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>117-30</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubesin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pharynx.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramchadani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruben]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Practical Fluoroscopy of the GI and GU Tracts]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>1-22</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakrour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fluoroscopic swallowing examination: radiologic findings and analysis of their causes and pathophysiologic mechanisms.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiographics]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>1733-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belafsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lintzenich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development, anatomy, and physiology of the pharynx]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belafsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Postman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Easterling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principles of Deglutition: A Multidisciplinary Text for Swallowing and its Disorders]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>165-73</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin-Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brodsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Delayed initiation of the pharyngeal swallow: normal variability in adult swallows.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Speech Lang Hear Res.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>585-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bolus location at the initiation of the pharyngeal stage of swallowing in healthy older adults.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dysphagia]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>266-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiiemae]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Food transport and bolus formation during complete feeding sequences on foods of different initial consistency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dysphagia]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>31-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saitoh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shibata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsuo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujii]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chewing and food consistency: effects on bolus transport and swallow initiation.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dysphagia]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>100-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsuo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anatomy and physiology of feeding and swallowing: normal and abnormal.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>691-707</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daniels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foundas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Swallowing physiology of sequential straw drinking.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dysphagia]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>176-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hazelwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armeson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonilha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin-Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identification of swallowing tasks from a modified barium swallow study toptimize the detection of physiological impairment.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Speech Lang Hear Res.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>1855-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonilha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Humphries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGrattan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preliminary investigation of the effect of pulse rate on judgments of swallowing impairment and treatment recommendations.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dysphagia]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>528-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belafsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiation safety]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belafsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Clinician&#8217;s Guide to Swallowing Fluoroscopy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>1-5</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonilha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Humphries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGrattan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiation exposure time during MBSS: influence of swallowing impairment severity, medical diagnosis, clinician experience, and standardized protocol use.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dysphagia]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>77-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belafsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The videofluoroscopic swallow study technique and protocol.]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belafsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Clinician&#8217;s Guide to Swallowing Fluoroscopy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>5-13</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belafsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Objective measures on videofluoroscopic swallow studies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belafsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Clinician&#8217;s Guide to Swallowing Fluoroscopy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>51-8</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dodds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ET]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Logemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tipper and dipper types of oral swallows.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AJR Am J Roentgenol.]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>153</volume>
<page-range>1197-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KLF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reilly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors influencing oral bolus hold type: tipper or dipper]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perspect ASHA Spec Interest Groups.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>1641-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cássia de Araújo Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavalcante Barbosa Haguette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos Nogueira de Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Swallowing with and without verbal commands: videofluoroscopic findings.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Soc Bras Fonoaudiol.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>291-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belafsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abnormal pharyngoesophageal segment fluoroscopy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belafsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuhn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Clinician&#8217;s Guide to Swallowing Fluoroscopy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>79-94</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenbek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robbins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roecker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A penetration-aspiration scale.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dysphagia]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>93-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
