<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2183-184X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[e-Pública: Revista Eletrónica de Direito Público]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[e-Pública]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2183-184X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Ciências Jurídico-Políticas (Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2183-184X2021000200004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47345/v8n2art2</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[NUDGING AS A TOOL]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[THE CASE OF THE TRANSPOSITION OF EU DIRECTIVES]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FRANCO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RAQUEL]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LOPES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PEDRO MONIZ]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SAMPAIO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JORGE SILVA]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Aff">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Direito ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>4</fpage>
<lpage>25</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2183-184X2021000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2183-184X2021000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2183-184X2021000200004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: Na transposição de directivas europeias, os Estados-Membros dispõem de liberdade quanto à escolha do instrumento que melhor se ajusta à prossecução dos objectivos traçados. Não obstante a transposição ter que ocorrer através de um acto legislativo, a forma como a política pública em questão é realizada internamente pode beneficiar do recurso a &#8220;nudges&#8221;, a par de outros instrumentos mais tradicionais. A eficácia revelada pelos &#8220;nudges&#8221; tem, contudo, como contraponto, algumas questões éticas e políticas que suscitam, nomeadamente acerca da transparência na relação entre cidadãos e representantes. Além disso, pode questionar-se a sua conformidade com o princípio da proporcionalidade, especialmente quando os &#8220;nudges&#8221; implicam comportamentos contrários ao livre exercício de liberdades e direitos fundamentais. Os &#8220;nudges&#8221; podem ser prima facie menos restritivos, na comparação com estratégias normativas mais tradicionais, mas também podem implicar uma forma de instrumentalização que instancie a aplicação do princípio da dignidade humana.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Member States transposing Directives can choose the methods for such transposition but should elect such practices which are best suited to ensure the attainment of the Directive&#8217;s goals. Notwithstanding the fact that a legislative act is needed in order to transpose EU law into national law, the goals addressed by the directive can often be attained through the use of &#8220;nudges&#8221;. The efficacy they reveal comes, some will argue, with the downside of some ethical and political concerns, namely concerning transparency in the relationship between citizens and representatives. Also, nudges can be seen as contrary to the principle of proportionality, especially if they induce individuals to act in a way that is contrary to fundamental rights and freedoms. Nudges can be prima facie less restrictive comparing to more traditional strategies, but they can also implicate a form of instrumentalization, which may trigger the application of the principle of human dignity.]]></p></abstract>
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