<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2183-3575</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicação e Sociedade]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicação e Sociedade]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2183-3575</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade - Universidade do Minho]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2183-35752021000200017</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17231/comsoc.40(2021).3520</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Covid-19: Uma Pandemia Gerida Pelas Fontes Oficiais Através de uma Comunicação Política]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Covid-19: A Pandemic Managed by Official Sources Through Political Communication]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felisbela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araújo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magalhães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Olga]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Minho Instituto de Ciências Sociais Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Braga ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Porto Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>40</volume>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>32</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2183-35752021000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2183-35752021000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2183-35752021000200017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: A pandemia causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 trouxe para o campo jornalístico um conjunto alargado de especialistas, principalmente da área da saúde. No entanto, as fontes oficiais, sobretudo políticas, não perderam espaço. A elas ficou reservado o papel de decisores, mas isso nem sempre foi comunicado da melhor forma, criando-se com regularidade entropias de vária ordem. Por exemplo, por vezes não se tornou claro por que é que alguns países adotaram confinamentos severos enquanto outros rejeitaram medidas restritivas. A resposta a esta pandemia foi sempre difícil. Acima de tudo, porque o conhecimento era escasso, mas muitas vezes porque não havia cooperação e coordenação entre vários agentes, entre eles os governos, autoridades de saúde ou especialistas. Neste trabalho, procuramos saber qual o lugar das fontes oficiais na imprensa portuguesa durante os estados de emergência. Para isso, analisámos dois jornais, um de referência (Público), outro de linha popular (Jornal de Notícias), de 18 de março a 2 de maio de 2020 e de 9 de novembro a 23 de dezembro de 2020. O nosso corpus de análise é composto por 2.307 textos noticiosos: 1.850 textos foram publicados durante a primeira fase de emergência nacional, citando 4.048 fontes; e 457 foram publicados na segunda fase, apresentando a citação de 857 fontes. Como conclusões, constatamos uma grande visibilidade das fontes oficiais, particularmente do governo, sobressaindo aí o primeiro-ministro e um conjunto restrito de outros ministros. Não há propriamente ninguém que assuma o papel de porta-voz oficial daquilo que vai acontecendo, ao contrário do que é recomendado na literatura, e isso foi provocando alguns deslizes na comunicação ao longo de 2020, verificando-se no final desse ano uma subida de casos, resultante também de algumas hesitações ao nível das decisões.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic attracted a wide range of expert sources into journalism, especially those from the health field. Nonetheless, official sources (mainly politicians) did not become less visible. They were mainly decision-makers, even though decisions were not always well-communicated, which promoted entropy. Worldwide, countries adopted different strategies, some undergoing severe lockdowns and others rejecting restrictive measures - and that was often difficult to understand. The management of this pandemic was hard, not only due to the lack of technical knowledge but also due to the lack of cooperation and coordination amongst several stakeholders, such as governments, health authorities, or experts. In this research, we seek to understand the role of official sources in the Portuguese press during the emergency states. In order to do so, we analyzed two national newspapers, a reference newspaper (Público) and a mainstream newspaper (Jornal de Notícias) from March 18 to May 2, 2020, and from November 9 to December 23, 2020. Our corpus comprises 2.307 news pieces: 1.850 were published during the first emergency state, quoting 4.048 news sources, and 457 were published during the second emergency state, with 857 sources. We realized that official news sources are highly visible in the news, especially those from the government, such as the prime minister and a few other ministers. Although evidence recommends the appointment of an official spokesperson, that did not happen in Portugal, and it may have contributed to some lapses throughout 2020. By the end of the year, the country had an increase in covid-19 cases, and the hesitancy that characterized political decisions was also behind that.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[covid-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[jornalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[fontes oficiais de informação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[comunicação de saúde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[covid-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[journalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[official news sources]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[health communication]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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