<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2183-3575</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicação e Sociedade]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicação e Sociedade]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2183-3575</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade - Universidade do Minho]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2183-35752025000205003</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17231/comsoc.47(2025).5950</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Grounded Theory and Social Media: Are Methodological Practices Hard, Medium or Light?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Grounded Theory e Mídia Sociais: Práticas Metodológicas Hard, Medium ou Light?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Binotto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erlaine]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lidiane Parron]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernanda Évilin de Jesus Fortunato]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feuser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Noellen Silva Amorim]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maricel Karina Lopez]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sordi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victor Fraile]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camila Magalhães da]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paulo Cristiano de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Dourados ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campo Grande ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campo Grande ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Faculdade Senac Palhoça  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Palhoça ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Naviraí ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso do Sul  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Dourados ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Paula Souza  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[São ]]></addr-line>
<country>Paulo</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2183-35752025000205003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2183-35752025000205003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2183-35752025000205003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Given the growing influence of social media platforms, it is essential to establish a research framework that incorporates a qualitative approach and leverages grounded theory (GT) to understand the phenomena associated with social media data and content. This study aimed to classify the use of GT in research involving social media during the investigation process. Through a systematic review based on the method&#8217;s main approaches, the application of GT procedures was analyzed in 22 articles addressing social media-related content. These studies were classified as &#8220;hard&#8221;, &#8220;medium&#8221;, or &#8220;light&#8221;, based on the methodological level of detail. The analyses demonstrated that nine articles used GT procedures in hard form, another nine used a medium approach, and four applied the method in a light manner. GT is most commonly used as a data analysis tool rather than for theory development. In some cases, authors provided only partial methodological details, and at times, descriptions were unclear, potentially compromising the transparency and rigor of qualitative research. This study encourages researchers to reflect on the GT process and promotes the method&#8217;s application in social media research by discussing processes and needs. It also informs researchers about the challenges of applying GT in social media-related research. By providing a robust alternative framework for criteria analysis, it seeks to support the development of new substantive or formal theories and systematic data coding, fostering future studies that contribute to the dissemination of GT as a method. The application of GT to social media data remains an underexplored field with significant potential for further investigation.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Dada a crescente influência das plataformas de mídia social, é essencial estabelecer uma estrutura de pesquisa que incorpore uma abordagem qualitativa e utilize a grounded theory (GT) para entender os fenômenos associados aos dados e conteúdo das mídia sociais. Este estudo teve como objetivo classificar o uso da GT em pesquisas envolvendo mídia sociais durante o processo de investigação. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática baseada nas principais abordagens do método, foi analisada a aplicação dos procedimentos da GT em 22 artigos que abordam conteúdos relacionados a mídia sociais. Esses estudos foram classificados como &#8220;hard&#8221;, &#8220;medium&#8221; ou &#8220;light&#8221;, com base no nível metodológico de detalhes. Os resultados das análises demonstraram que o uso da GT de forma hard e medium ocorreu em nove artigos cada e quatro aplicaram o método de maneira light. A GT é mais comumente usada como uma ferramenta de análise de dados do que para desenvolvimento de teoria. Em alguns casos, os autores forneceram apenas detalhes metodológicos parciais e, por vezes, as descrições não eram claras, comprometendo potencialmente a transparência e o rigor da pesquisa qualitativa. Este estudo encoraja os pesquisadores a refletir sobre o processo de GT e promove a aplicação do método na pesquisa em mídia social, ao discutir processos e necessidades. Também informa os pesquisadores sobre os desafios da aplicação de GT em pesquisas relacionadas à mídia social. Ao fornecer uma estrutura alternativa robusta para análise de critérios, buscamos dar suporte ao desenvolvimento de novas teorias substantivas ou formais e à codificação sistemática de dados, fomentando estudos futuros que contribuam para a disseminação da GT como um método. A aplicação da GT a dados de mídia social continua sendo um campo pouco explorado, com potencial significativo para investigação posterior.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social media]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[grounded theory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[method]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[criteria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[qualitative research]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[mídia social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[grounded theory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[método]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[critérios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pesquisa qualitativa]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguinis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solarino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transparency and replicability in qualitative research: The case of interviews with elite informants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Strategic Management Journal]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1291-315</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[53 important statistics about how much data is created every day]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FinancesOnline]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuccurullo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Informetrics]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>959-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bettez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exposing patterns of adult solicitor behaviour: Towards a theory of control within the cybersexual abuse of youth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Information Systems]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>591-622</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conformity through the mobile phone choices of the young French]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quality &amp; Quantity]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>47-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bittencourt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Grounded theory como metodologia para o estudo das mídias digitais]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicação &amp; Sociedade]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>143-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kooli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Businesses and mobile social media capability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Business &amp; Industrial Marketing]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>971-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonfim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spanning the boundaries of qualitative grounded theory methods: Breaking new grounds into the new online era]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[RAUSP Management Journal]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>491-509</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bridges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hofacker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Service marketing and adoption of promotional technology: A qualitative study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Service Science]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>368-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charmaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A construção da teoria fundamentada: Guia prático para análise qualitativa]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Artmed]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Qualitative Sociology]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. C. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gosling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Destinos turísticos inteligentes na avaliação de pesquisadores e de profissionais do turismo nos setores público e privado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Hospitalidade]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>71-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cowan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding information and communication technology use in workplace romance escalation and de-escalation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Business Communication]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>55-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Creswell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Qualitative inquiry and research design]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breazeale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conceptualizing the brand in social media community: The five sources model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>468-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gephart Jr.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From the editors - Qualitative research and the Academy of Management Journal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Academy of Management Journal]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>04</numero>
<issue>04</issue>
<page-range>454-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gioia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamilton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research: Notes on the Gioia methodology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Organizational Research Methods]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>15-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glaser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociology Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grover]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foreman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burckes-Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Infecting&#8221; those we care about: Social network effects on body image]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>323-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halaweh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrating social media and grounded theory in a research methodology: A possible road map]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Business Information Review]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>157-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornelissen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rigor with or without templates? The pursuit of methodological rigor in qualitative research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Organizational Research Methods]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>239-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cowley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developing a grounded theory approach: A comparison of Glaser and Strauss]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Nursing Studies]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>141-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developing a value assessment framework of habitual social media use: A grounded theory approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Electronic Commerce Research]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>128-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouyang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Explaining donation behavior in medical crowdfunding in social media]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SAGE Open]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cramer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Capturing injustice: The screenshot as a tool for sousveillance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Howard Journal of Communications]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>412-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalhour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The dark side of social media game: The addiction of social gamers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economia e Política Industriale]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>219-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haenlein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Business Horizons]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>59-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kazemian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on knowledge sharing in UK higher education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>74-107</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ketokivi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mantere]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What warrants our claims? A methodological evaluation of argument structure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Operations Management]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>755-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagrosen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Josefsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social media marketing as an entrepreneurial learning process]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Technology Marketing]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>331-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. S. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[To]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Content analysis of social media: A grounded theory approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Social Media Content Analysis]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>138-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rostron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why we need qualitative research in management studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Administração Contemporânea]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lauricella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pankhurst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The safe tweet: Social media use by Ontario fire services]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Emergency Services]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>179-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leonard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Zyl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social relationships in IT project teams: Its role, complexity and the management thereof]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>21-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Voida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nonprofit organizations&#8217; dialogic use of social media: Principles and practice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Nonprofit &amp; Public Sector Marketing]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>65-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chernov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mikhaylova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trust management and benefits of vehicular social networking: An approach to verification and safety]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Technological Forecasting and Social Change]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>166</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Locke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Grounded theory in management research]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bowers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charmaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Developing grounded theory: The second generation]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klotz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kreiner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blue skies and black boxes: The promise (and practice) of grounded theory in human resource management research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Human Resource Management Review]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>291-305</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. H. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCauley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender relations and social media: A grounded theory inquiry of young Vietnamese women&#8217;s self-presentations on Facebook]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gender, Technology and Development]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>174-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolas Alarcón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urrutia Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil-Lafuente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Systematic mapping on social media and its relation to business]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Research on Management and Business Economics]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>104-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social media as a social capital for academic research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1487-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corbin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. da]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pesquisa qualitativa: Técnicas e procedimentos para o desenvolvimento de teoria fundamentada]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Artmed]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suddaby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From the editors: What grounded theory is not]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Academy of Management Journal]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>633-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Syrdal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briggs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Engagement with social media content: A qualitative exploration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>4-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarozzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lussi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[O que é grounded theory: Metodologia de pesquisa e de teoria fundamentada nos dados]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Vozes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timonen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conlon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Challenges when using grounded theory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Qualitative Methods]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torabian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tourist perceptions of souvenir authenticity: An exploration of selective tourist blogs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Issues in Tourism]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>697-712</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaast]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinsonneault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dealing with the social media polycontextuality of work]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information Systems Research]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1428-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Myrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Grounded theory: An exploration of process and procedure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Qualitative Health Research]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>547-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nielsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.-J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Challenges to masculinity in a feminized digital space: Men as autonomous online agents on Pinterest]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>180-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
